Term
|
Definition
-gram (+) cocci strip, catalase (-)
-M-protien-inactivates compliment
-streptolysin O-beta hemolytic-ASO antibodies cross react for rheumatic fever
-Bacitracin sensitive
-spreads (staph does not)
-pyrogenic exotoxin-super antigen->scarlet fever and shock
-scarlet fever-strawberry tongue, sand paper rash
-Rheumatic fever->fever, myocarditis, joint sweeling->cross reaction to ASO with antibodies (type II hyper)
-Acute-post-strept glomerularnepthritis->typer III hyper, hematuria and fluid retention (hypertension)
-impetigo-honey crusted lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Group B- baby->neonatal meningitis
-beta hemolysis
-cAMP factor-synergy with S.aureus
-capsule-allows CNS penetration
-Bacitracin resistant
-Normal flora in vagina and GI->treat with Abiotics at delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Veridan-normal flora in GI and mouth
-alpha hemolytic->green
-dental infections and cavities
-sub-acute endocarditis (slow)- after dental->heart valve
-optichin resistan
-can form abscess in brain and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Veridan-normal flora in GI and mouth
-alpha hemolytic->green
-dental infections and cavities
-sub-acute endocarditis (slow)- after dental->heart valve
-optichin resistan
-can form abscess in brain and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-entercocci-S. faecalis-colon-blood->endocarditis
-non-entercocci-S. Bovis, S. equines
-both can cause UTI and subacute endocarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-alpha hemolytic-green
-diplococci, capsule-halo with quellung
-optichin senstitive
-most common cause of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in adults and otitis media in children
-latex particle agglutination
-vaccine- also 7 in children, 23 in adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), cluster of cocci, catalse (+), golden pigment, ferments mannitol
-coagulase (+), penicillinase
-MRSA with novel PBP
-hemolysic leukocidin->destroys RBCs and WBCs
-Protien A-cover Fc portion on Ab
-hyaluronidase, lipase, protease
-exfolitin toxin-scalded skin syndrome
-entertoxin-food poisoning (potato salad)-fast acting and heath stable
-TSS toxin-sunburn like rash, palms/soles peel
-leading cause of osteomylitis
-acute endocarditis(fast) w/ IV drug use
-impetigo- coagulase keeps bunched together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-coagulase (-)
-skin contaminant on blood cultures
-biofilm infections on prosthetic devices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), spore forming, aerobic
-only protien capsule
-animal hair/wool
-edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor-binary toxin
-lungs->wool sorters disease->dead
-fever, headache, confusion, widened mediastinum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chinese food->spores in food-> N & V
-motile, non capsulates
-heat stabile entertoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic
-drumstick shape
-blocks release of Ach->flaccid paralysis
-heat-labile toxin
-home-canned, bulging cans, homey (infants)
-visual problems->weak/sleepy->respiratory problems and death
-hyperimmune human globulin to neutralize toxin (no Ab) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic
-drumstick shape
-rusty nail or skin trauma, burn
-inhibit the release of GABA and glycine->spastic paralysis
-lock jaw-risus sardonicus
-Abiotics and anti-toxin
-vaccine-toxoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic
-drumstick shape
-gas gangrene, non-motile->trauma
-story fermentation
-alpha toxin phospholipase C->disrupts membrane->lyses cell (gas)
-clostridial myonecrosis->under muscle->death
-double zone of hemolysis
-Abiotics or hyperbaric chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (+), spore forming rod, anaerobic
-drumstick shape
-clindamycin,cephlasporin, amoxycillin resistant->give vancomycin
-psuedomembranous entercolitis->red inflamed mucosa w/ white exudate |
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
|
Definition
-gram (+), rod
-seperate from diptheroids w/ Elek test
-chinese letter formation on gram stain (V or L shapes)
-A-B toxin-inhibits protein elongation (eEF-2)-acquired from transduction
-respiratory droplets
-non-invasiv->toxin goes to heart and nerves
-dirty-grey psuedomembrane on oropharynx
-bull-neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (-), rod, oxidase (-), catalase (+)
-Antigens: O-LPS, K-capsule, H-flagella
-Capsule
-McConkey-pink, EMB-green-Ferments lactose
-Most common UTI
-2nd most neonatal menigitis
-Sepsis
-ETEC, EHEC,EPEC, EIEC, EAEC
-A-B toxin-LT-heat labile-increase cAMP
ST-heat stabile-increase gAMP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-traveler's diarrhea-watery, rice water diarrhea (montezuma's revenge)
-adhesin
-enterotoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enterhemorrhagic
-undercooked hamburger->bloody diarrhea and urine
-Shiga toxin-no invasion
-HUS-hemolytic uremic syndrome in children
-can't ferment sorbitol-differentiate from other E. Coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enteroinvasive, only invasive
-shigella toxin
-bloody diarrhea with fever
-Dysentary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enteropathogenic
-pediatric gastroenteritis (2nd to rota) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (-), oxidase (+), curved rod "gull's wings"
-bloody diarrhea->invades->fever
-grows at 42*C
-Acid resistant, low infectious dose
-poultry
-diarrhea (1-2 days), S.aurues toxin(1-2 hours)
-associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis (molecular mimicry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram (-), curved rod, urease (+)-nuetralizes acid
-fecal/oral or oral/oral
-chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers->gastic adenocarcinoma
-MALToma and B-cell lymphoma- resolves w/ Abiotics
-biopsy/culture or urea breath test
-omeprazole + Abiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2nd most common STD behind chlamydia
-no capsule, pili, intracellular
-kidney shaped diplococci, oxidase(+)
-PID, Sterility, ectopic pregnancy
-ophtalmia neonatum->eythromycin drops
-C5-C8 deficiency
-leading cause of pharyngitis is sexual active teens
-thayer martin chocolate agar
-only ferments glucose (no maltose)
-greenish/colorful discharge
-most common youth arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-intracellular, oxidase (+), catalase (+), capsule (thin halo)-latex particle agglutination
-leading cause of bacterial meningitis in US-young adults and children
-LOS-lacks O antigen
-blood vessel destruction-petechiae on skin (black and blue areas on skin)
-Maltose and Glucose
-Waterhouse-griedrickson->child meningitis->collapse adrenal gland and die
-human reservoir in nasopharynx
-thayer martin chocolate agar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-whooping cough (vaccine DTaP)
-small, aerobic, gram (-) rod, capsule
-lose immunity with age, adults are reservoir
-filamentous hemaglutanin-bind and kill cilia (ciliastasis)
-toxin-increase cAMP
-increase histamine sensitivity
-incubation->catarrhal->paroxysmal (cough)->superinfections
-bordet-gengou or regan-lowe media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-zoonotic->undulant fever
-flu-like->cycles of depression and profuse sweating
-california, mxico, texas
-bioterrorism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tularemia-rabbit fever
-small, gram (-), facilitative intracellular, zoonotic
-ingestion (enteric), aerosol (pneumonia), tick/cut in skin (cutaneous)
-Arkansas and Missouri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nosocomial, immunocompromised, very drug resistant, catalase (+)
-oxidase (+),strict aerobe-> no fermentation-grape smell
-green/blue pigment
-water-sink, shower heads, ACs, contact lenses
BE PSEUDO
-burn, endocarditis, pneumonia, sepsis, UTI, external otitis media, diabetic osteomyeltic, occular infection
-pneumonia common with cystic fibrosis
--exotoxin-stops protien elongation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aerobic, gram(-) rod
-AC untis, water vaper->lungs->atypical pneumonia (walking)
-intracellular
-immunocompromised, soldiers, etc.
-does not gram stain->do fluorscent Ab test
-fastidious- needs iron and cysteine
-charcoal-yeast extract
-smokers, >55 yrs, alcohol
-flu-like illness-pontaic fever->severe pneumonia (legionella disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-motile, non H2S, non lactose
-pre-schoole and nursing homes->fecal/oral
-combo of EHEC and EIEC-release shiga toxin-inhibit protein synthesis and cause HUS but also invade
-ulcers in GI from epithelial shedding
-fever, abdominal pain, blood/WBCs in diarrhea
-S. dyseteriea-most severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motile, H2S, non-lactose, Vi antigen (capsule)
-typhi-non-zoonotic, typhoid mary
-ingest->blood->liver->gallbladder (storage)->GI (first week not in GI, in blood)
-constipation/fever->diarrhea
-Typhoid fever-invade lymph nodes->organs
-rose colors spots on abdomen
-osteomyelitis with sickle cell
-differ from Shigella w/ H2S on HE agar
-non-typhi (enteritidis, typhimurium)-zoonotic-chicken, turtles->GI, N & V, bacteremia, fever
-# 2 watery/ bloody diarrhea to camplybacter
-inflammatory from invasion-no toxin
-acid-labile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-more severe ETEC, no cell invasion (A-B toxin->increases cAMP), curved gram (-) rod
-fecal/oral->shell fish, floods, katrina
-rice water diarrhea->20L/day
-shooting star motility, ferments sucrose on TCBS->turns orange, oxidase (+)
-acid labile, toxin is heat labile
-V. vulnificus and parahaeudytious-less severe, oysters and raw fish
-vulnificus-cut hand fileting fish or shucking oysters->rapid celluitis->many need amplication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enterbacteraciae-oxidase (-)
-capsule, lactose fermentor
-normal flora or URT and colon
-low bar pneumonia in alcoholics (still second to S. pneumo)
-dark red gellatanous sputum (currant jelly)->does not smell aspiration like anaerobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bubonic (swollen LN) plague, black digits
-gram (-) enterobacteriaceae
-non motile, no H2S, coagulase (+)
-flea->squirrel, prairie dog
-desert SW US- (w/ coccidoides and hanta)
-pneumonic plague-fatal (bioterror)
-Y. enterocolitica-can grow in cold, motile in warm->pseudoappendicitis/bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(90% mirabilis, valgaris)
-highly motile, H2s, peritrichous flagella->move up urethra->bladder
-urease (+)->staghorn renal calculi->lower back pain, fever
-colon->usually endogenous infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram (-) diplococci->otitis media, sinusitus (after S. pneumo and Haemophylis influenza) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-obligate intracellular, no peptidoglycan, only see PMNs on gram stain
-reitor's syndrome-arthritis of large joints
-Elemntary bodies->attachment proteins->infectious
-Residual bodies->replication
-Tochoma-eye infection, leading cause of preventable blindness (kegger)-serotypes A-C
-during labor->conjuntivitis (erythromycin eye drops)
-Urethritis-most common bacterial STD, co-infection with N. gon.
-Lymphogranuloma venoreum (LGV)-swollen LNs->elephantiasis
-STD-serotypes D-K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parrot fever (turkers in US)
-aersol bird dust->atypical pneumonia->hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-person to person, walking pneumonia
-can lead to CAD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular
-Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever-fever, conjunctivitis, headache, rash, N & V, death
-rash-ankle/wrist->trunk->palm and soles
-dermeocenter tick->S.corolina->N. COROLINA->tennessee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular
-Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus
-rickettsial pox->mild fever, rash, spread by mites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular
-Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus
-epidemic typhus-lice->abrupt onset of fever and headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular
-Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus
-endemic thypus-flea
-abrupt onset of fever and headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-very small, gram (-), obligate intracellular
-Wiel-felix test-cross rxn with proteus
-does not require animal vector
-Q-fever->fever, flu-like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-smallest self-replicating organism
-no peptidoglycan, cell membrane of sterols
-P1 ahesion->trigger uptake and ciliastasis
-most common atypical pneumonia->5-15 yrs old->dry hacking cough
-cold agglutinins-monoclonal IgM directed at RBC antigen modified with antigen
-superantigen->INF 1, 6, TNF alpha
-"fried egg" with other species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-smallest self-replicating organism
-no peptidoglycan, cell membrane of sterols
-urease (+)-urthritis + renal calculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-capsule-latex particle agglutination
-coccobacilli, needs blood agar with hemin (X) and NAD (V) or S. aureous
-HiB vaccine->only B strain, conjugated with protien
-respiratory droplets
-meningitis in unvaccinated ( less than 3 years old)
-2nd most common otitis media (behind Strept pneumo)- not on vaccine
-pneumonia, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, epiglotidis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful chanceroid, STD "do cry with ducreyi" (unlike syphilus-nonpainful chancre) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-not STD, normal flora of vagina->bacterial vaginosis (BV)
-BV-thing, greyish discharge, malodor
-clue cell-epithelial cell covered in bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CAT/dog bite
-rapid swelling->spreading-cellulitis and lymphadritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-human bite (punch someone's mouth)
-icansmella-smells like bleech
-corrodens-corrodes agar
-causes cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
|
Definition
| -dog bite wound-cellulitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cat scratch fever->bacillary angiomatosis with AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Syphilis-no toxins or tissue destruction->disease from inflammation
1.painless chancre (-) on screen
2.bacteremia-systemic rash (starts on palms and soles)-condyloma latum-warts similar to HPV
-organ systems, bone/joint pain, patchy hair loss->can go latent
3.6-4 years later
-gumma-granulomas on skin,bone, CNS, liver
-aortic aneurism->dissection
-neruosyphilis- subacute meningitis, strokes in young (25)
-congenital-TORCHES, high mortality rate-kids can be (+) tile 3 months
-screen: veneral disease resarch lab (VDRL) or rapid plasma reagan (RPR)-->confirm:indirect immunoflourescent trepanal absorption (FTA-ABs)
-penicillin-can cause Jarish-Herxheimer rxn->release of LPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lyme disease
-ixodes tick-white tipped dear/mouse-west coast
-similar to syphylis (spirochete)
-"bulls-eye"-spreading annular lesion (red on outside)
-skin->CNS, hearts, and joints (migratory arthritis)
-bell's palsy
-chronic arthritis and encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-normal gut/colon anaerobe (foul smelling)
-less pathogenic LPS, capsule
-trauma/surgery->sepsis, peritinitis, abdominal abscess-prophylactics Abiotics w/ surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obligate intracellular, gram (-) baccilli
-tick (coinfection with lyme disease)->really high fever
-similar to meningitis
-diagnose with morullae "mulberry" intracellular with giemsa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycobacteria tuberculosis |
|
Definition
-slow growing, facultative intracellular, thin rods, acid fast, resistant to drying (killed by UV), obligate aerobe (apex of lung)
-grows on lowestien benson
-1/3 of AIDS patients->chronic cough, weight loss, granular destruction of lung tissue-caseus necrosis (cheese)
-cord-factor and sulfatides (stop phagosome/lysosome fusion)
-walled off an dormant in granulomas
-BCG (baccilus calmette-guerin)vaccine->flase (+)on PPD
-quantiferon TB gold dest (IFN gama)- no false (+)
-damage done by type IV hypersensitivity (cell-mediated response to granulomas)
-Miliary TB-spread seed granulomas all over body-blood/organs/LNs
-Ghon focus in lung, Ghon complex in LNs
-Pott's diease-cervical |
|
|
Term
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellular |
|
Definition
-MAI or mycoavium complex (MAC)
-common in AIDS, attack when very low CD4
-chronic wasting illness-liver spleen, intestines, chronic diarrhea
-requires multidrug treatment different than TB
-Most common MOTM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Hansen's disease
-obligate intracellular, armidillos
-respirtatoy secretions and skin lesions
-grow in cooler temp. (skin, nerves, eyes, testes
-Tuberculoid Leprosy- strong CMI, TH1->damage done by immune response, granulomas, nerve damage, macular lesions
-Lepromatous leprose-multiple nodule lesions, damage done by bacteria (TH2 response)- "lion like face"
-Dapsone, refampin, clofazimine (with lepromotous leprosy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-spirochete with hooks
-water with animal urine- jet skier, sewer worker (Hawaii)
-flu-like->GI (Weils disease->hepatitis) |
|
|
