Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Motor Accessory
Function: Elevate, depress, retract scapula; abduct the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Thoracordorsal Nerve
Function: adduction, medial rotation, extension of arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Function: Elevate Scapula |
|
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Term
| Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor |
|
Definition
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Funtion: Elevation and Retraction of Scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Function: adduction, medial flexion, roation and adduction of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Medial Pectoral Nerve
Function: depression and protraction of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: nerve to subclavis
Function: depression of clavicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve
Function: abduction of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Attachements: spine and acromian of the scapula; lateral clavicle, and deltoid tuberoisty of the humerus
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: abduction of arm (from 15 -90 degrees), flexion of the arm, extension of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Function: initiation of abduction of arm for 15 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Function: Lateral rotation of arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: axilary nerve
Function: lateral rotation of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: inferior subscapular nerve
Function: medial rotation and extension of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Upper and Lower Subscapular
Function: medial rotation and adduction of arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Arm
Attachements: Long ifraglenoid tubercle of scapula, medial & lateral heads-posterior surface of humerus, and olecranon
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: Extension of the forearm at the elbow. Long head= extension and adduction of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Arm
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: extension of forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Arm
Attachement: Long Head = SupraGlenoid Tubercle of Scapula, Short Head = coracoid process
Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Function: Flexion and Supination of the forearm; accessory flexor of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Arm
Attachment: Coracoid Process
Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Function: Flexion of Arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Arm
Attachment: Anterior aspect of humerus
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Function: flexion of the forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior forearm
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: Flexion and adduction of the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve
Function: Flexion of hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve
Function: Flexion and abduction of the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve
Function: Pronation of Forearm |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Medidan Nerve
Function: Flexion of ProximalIP joints, MP joints, and wrist joints |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Profundus Digitorium |
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: lateral half of median nerve (aterior interosseous), Medial Half |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Function: Flexes IP joint and MP joint of the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Anterior Forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve (anterior interosseous bracnh)
Function: Pronation of the forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: Flexion of the forearm when the forearm is mid-pronated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: Flexion of the forearm when the forearm is mid-pronated |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus |
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Function: Extension and abduction of the hand |
|
|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
Function: extension and abduction of the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: Deep Branch of Radial
Function: extension of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers and the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of Radial Nerve
Function: Extension of little finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of Radial Nerve
Function: Extension and adduction of the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior forearm
Innervation: Deep Branch Radial Nerve
Function: Supination of forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compartment: Posterior Forearm Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve Function: abduction and extension of carpometacarpoal joint of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
Function: abduction and extension of carpometacarpoal joint of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve
Function: extension of MP and carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
Function: extension of IP, MP, and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compartment: Posterior Forearm
Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve
Function: extension of index finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"4 DAB"
Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Function: abduction of the index, middle, and ring finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"3 PAD"
Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Function: adduction of the index, ring, and little fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Function: adduction of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: recurrent branch of the median nerve
Function: Medial rotation and adduction of the thumb (opposition) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Recurrent Branch of median nerve
Function: abduction of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve
Function: flexion of thumb at MP joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Function: laterally rotate 5th metacarpal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Function: abducts little finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Function: Flexes little finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
" 4 muscles"
Innervation: 1& 2 = median nerve, 3 & 4= deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Function: flex MP joints while extending the IP joints |
|
|
Term
| Typical Cervical Vertebra |
|
Definition
-Transverse Foramen (verterbral artery)
-Transerves Process with an anterior and posterior tubercle
-Short and bifid spinous process
-Small body
-Large vertebral foramen |
|
|
Term
| Atypical Cervical Vertebra |
|
Definition
Altlas (C1)
-no vertebral body
-no spinous process
-has anterior and posterior arch
Axis (C2)
-Dens (Odontoid Process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transverse Foramen= vertebral artery does not pass through
has the longest spinous process and is not bifid |
|
|
Term
| Typical Thoracic Vertebra |
|
Definition
-large downward spinous process
-costal facets on the side of the body for the head of the rib
-costal facets on the transverse process for the tubercle of the rib
-smaller vertebral foramen
-body is heart shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-large body thats kidney shaped
-short spinous process
-long tranverse process
-strong pedicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Single Bone
-Promontory (body of S1)
-Sacral Canal (contains cauda equina)
-Sacral Hiatus (caudal anesthesia)
-Sacral Coruna |
|
|
Term
Primary Curavtures of the Spine?
Secondary Curavtures?
Last/First to develop? |
|
Definition
Primary Curvatures: Thoracic and Sacral
Secondary Curvatures: Cervical (1st to develop) and Lumbar (last to develop) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated thoracic curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Parts of an IV disc?
Functions of IV disc? |
|
Definition
Parts:
-Nucleus Pulposus (central part, injured during herniated/slipped disc= most common in lumbar)
-Annulus Fibrosis
Functions:
-25% of length
-shock absorber
-limit roational movement
**must have a body to have an IV disc |
|
|
Term
Zygapophysial Joint (Facet Joints)
-Type?
-Movement? |
|
Definition
Plane, Synovial Joint
Circumduction (combination of flexion and extension) |
|
|
Term
| Names of Vertebral Ligaments (6) |
|
Definition
1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (prevents hyperextension, around vertebral body)
2. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (prevents hyperflexion, in vertebral canal)
3. Ligamentum Flavum (connects lamina, helps with maintaining curves and posture)
4.Supraspinous Ligament (between the tips of adjacent spines)
5. Infraspinous Ligaments (connects spines)
6. Intertransverse ligament (between transverse processes) |
|
|
Term
Does the range of movement in each region of the vertebral column change?
What factors limit the range of movement for the vertebral column |
|
Definition
Movement in the vertebral column changes depending on the region as a result of:
-compressibility and elasticity of IV disc
-shape and orientation
-resistance of back muscles and ligaments
-attachements to ribs
-tension in joint capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Yes Joint"
joint between the superior articulating surface of atlas and occipital condyles of the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"NO Joint"
joint between the inferior articulating surfaces of atlas and inferior surface of axis, as well as between the dens/odontoid (held in place by tranverse ligament of atlas) process and posterior surface of the anterior arch |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic Superfical Back Muscles (5) |
|
Definition
1. Latissmus Dorsi
2. Trapezius
3. Rhomboid Major
4. Rhomboid Minor
5. Levator Scapulae |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic Intermediate Group (respiratory muscles) (2) |
|
Definition
1. Serratus Posterior Superior
2. Serratus Posterior Inferior
**Innervation: intercostal nerves |
|
|
Term
| Superfical Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles (2) |
|
Definition
1. Splenius Capitis
2. Splenius Cervicis |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate Intrinsic Deep Back Muscles (1, 3 parts) |
|
Definition
1. Erector Spinae
- ilocostalis (lateral)
-Longissmus (median)
-Spinalis (medial) |
|
|
Term
| Deep Intrinsic Deep back muscles (2) |
|
Definition
1. Multifidus
2. Rotators
***Dorsal Rami innervated |
|
|
Term
| Boundaries of Suboccpital Traingle and its contents. |
|
Definition
Bounded by:
Medial: Rectus Capitis posterior Major
Lateraly: Obliquus Capitis Superior
Inferiorly: Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Contents:
-Vertebral Artery (branch of subclavin)
-subocciptal nerve/CN 1 (dorsal ramus)
**Greater Occiptal/CN 2 goes over top |
|
|
Term
| Contents of Vertebral Column |
|
Definition
-Spinal Cord
-Spinal nerve roots
-Spinal meninges
-neurovascular bundle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cervical= C4-T1
Lumbosacral= T11-S1 |
|
|
Term
| How many Spinal Nerves are there? |
|
Definition
31 Spinal Nerves:
-8 Cervical
-12 Thoracic
-5 Lumbar
-5 Sacral
-1 Coccygeal |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Growth/Development of the Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord |
|
Definition
In Embryo:
-spinal cord occupies the full length of the vertebral column
In Newborn:
-tip of the medullary cone is at level 3
In adult
- cords ends opposite disc between L1 and L2 |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Filum Terminale |
|
Definition
Filum Terminale Interum:
-prolongation of the pia mater (pial part)
Filum Terminale Externum
-connective tissue (prolongation of dura mater- dural part)- attaches to spinal dural sac |
|
|
Term
| Describe Basic Plan of Spinal Nerve |
|
Definition
Dorsal Rootlets form Dorsal Root (Sensory fibers)
Ventral Rootlets form Ventral Root (Motor Fibers)
Dorsal Root Ganglion (Collection of Cell bodies)--sensory
Dorsal and Ventral Roots form Spinal Nerve (mixed fibers)
Divides into ventral and dorsal Rami (mixed)
White and Gray Communicating Rami (autonomic) |
|
|
Term
| Types/Locations of Plexuses (6) |
|
Definition
1. C1-C4 (Cervical Plexus- NECK)
2. C5-T1 (Brachial Plexus- UE)
3. T2-L1 (No Plexus)
4. L1-L4 (Lumbar Plexus-LE)
5. L4-S3 (Sacral PLexus-LE/Pelvis)
6.S4-Co1 (no plexus)
Dorsal Rami supply deep back muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C6,7,8: hand (lateral-medial)
T4: Nipple Region
T10: region of umbilicus
L1: inguinal region
L4: knee |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Spinal Meninges |
|
Definition
(most superfical to deep)
-Epidural Space (real)
-Dura Matter (tough matter)
-Subdural Space (potential space)
-Arachnoid Space
-Subarchnoid Space (CSF)
-Pia Matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Done between the spinous process of L3 and L4 and goes through ligamentum flavum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical procedure is done when it is necessary to have access to the spinal cord. Saw cuts are made through the laminae of several vertbrae so that the "roof" can be lifted off the posterior aspect of the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| What joint serves as the only bony attachement of the upper limb to the axial skeletal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach the humerus to the axial skeleton (2)? |
|
Definition
-Latissmus Dorsi
-Pectoralis Major |
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach the Humerus to the Scapula (5)? |
|
Definition
-Supraspinatus
-Subscapularis
-Teres Minor
-Teres Major
-Deltoid |
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach the scapula to the axial skeleton (4)? |
|
Definition
-Trapezius
-Levator Scapulae
-Serratus Anterior
-Pectoralis Minor |
|
|
Term
| What structures lie in the Deltopectoral Triangle? What are the structural boundaries? |
|
Definition
Cephalic Vein, Deltoid branch of the Thoracromial artery
Bound by: clavicle, deltoid, and pectoralis major |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries and contents of the Quadrangular Triangle? |
|
Definition
Contents: axillary and posterior circumflex humeral artery
Boundaries: teres minor, subscapularis, teres major, long head of triceps, and surgical neck of humerus |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents and boundaries of the Triangular Space? |
|
Definition
Contains: Circumflex scapular vessels
Boundaries: teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents and boundaries of the Triangular Interval? |
|
Definition
Contains: deep brachial artery (profundi brachii) and radial nerve
Boundaries: between the two heads of the tricep |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the axilla (5)? |
|
Definition
-Axillary Vein and Artery (and its branches or tributaries)
-Brachial Plexus
-Lymph Nodes and Vessels
-Both heads of biceps brachii
-Coracobrachialis |
|
|
Term
| What are the rotator cuff muscles and their innervations? |
|
Definition
-Supraspinatus (suprascapular n.)
-Infraspinatus (suprascapular n.)
-Subscapular (upper and lower subscapular n.)
-Teres Minor (axillary n.) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 axillary walls and what makes up each? |
|
Definition
-Anterior Wall: pec major/minor m., pectoral and clavicopectoral fascia, Anterior Fold (pec major)
-Posterior Wall: Scapula, subscapularis m., latissimus dorsi m., teres major m., Posterior Fold (latissimus dorsi, teres major)
-Medial Wall: thoracic wall and serratus anterior
-Lateral Wall: intertubercular Groove of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the major parts and branches of the Axillary Artery. |
|
Definition
(Branches: "Sixties teens love sex and pot)
1st Branch: Superior Thoracic
2nd Branches: Thoracromial & Lateral Thoraic
3rd Branches: Subscapular, Anterior Circumflex Humeral, Posterior Humeral Circumflex |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the Thoracromial branch of the Axillary artery? |
|
Definition
"Cadavers are dead people"
-Clavicular
-Acromial
-Deltoid
-Pectoral |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the scapular branch of the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
_Scapular Circumflex
-Thoracodorsal |
|
|
Term
| What arteries form the scapular loop? The humeral Loop? |
|
Definition
Scapular Loop:
-Suprascapular
-Dorsal Scapular
-Circumflex Scapular
Humeral Loop:
-Anterior/Posterior Circumflex Humeral
-Profundi Brachii (Deep Brachial) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 primary groups of lymph nodes found in the axillary region? |
|
Definition
1. Pectoral
2. Subscapular
3. Humeral
4. Central Nodes
5. Apical (apex of axilla)
**enlargement due to infections |
|
|
Term
| What nerves make up the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
-Musculocutaneous
-Lateral Root of Median Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerves make up the medial cord of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
-Medial Root of the Median Nerve
-Ulnar Nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerves make up the Posterior Cord of the Brachial Plexus? |
|
Definition
-Axillary Nerve
-Radial Nerve |
|
|
Term
| In what type of situations can the axillary nerve be damaged? |
|
Definition
-Fracture of the surgical neck
-Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
-Compression due to misuse of crutches |
|
|
Term
| What are some brachial plexus injuries and what do they affect? |
|
Definition
Erb-Duschenne Palsy: paralysis of upper arm caused by an injury of the upper group of the arms main nerves (C5-C7)
Dejerine-Klumpke (Klumpkes) Palsy: paralysis of the lower brachial plexus (C8-T1); spine lesions |
|
|
Term
| What are the carpal bones of the hand and which is most commonly fractured? |
|
Definition
"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle"
Scaphoid (Most commonly fractured)
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisform (on top of Triquetrum)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 joints of the hand and their joint classification? |
|
Definition
1. Wrist (Radiocarpal): Condyloid
2. Intercarpal
3.Carpometacarpal: Saddle
4. Intermetacarpal
5. Carpometacarpal (of thumb): saddle
6. Metacarpophalangeal: condyloid
7. Interphalangeal (IP) |
|
|
Term
| From which artery and nerve do the Anterior & Posterior Interosseous Artery and Nerve branch? |
|
Definition
The anterior and posterior interosseous artery branch fromthe ulnar artery.
The anterior interosseous nerve branches from the median nerve)
The posterior interosseous nerve branches from the radial nerve. |
|
|
Term
| What is a compartment and how many are there in the upper extremity? |
|
Definition
Compartment: a well defined region that contains a group of muscles sharing a common function, innervation, and blood supply.
There are 8 upper extremity compartments:
Arm: Anterior & Posterior
Forearm: Anterior & Posterior
Hand: Thenar, Hypothenar, adductor, central |
|
|
Term
| What are the superfical group of muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
"Pimps F*** Prostitutes for Fun"
-Pronator Teres
-Flexor Carpi Radialis
-Palmaris Longus
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Flexor Digitorium Superficialis (FDS) |
|
|
Term
| What are the borders and contents of the Cubital Fossa? What lies in the overlying tissue? |
|
Definition
Borders:
-Medially: Pronator Teres
-Laterally: Brachioradialis
-The roof: deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue (contains median cubital vein, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves)
-The floor: supinator muscle (laterally) & brachialis (medially)
Contents: "My bottomS turn red"
-Median Nerve
-Bifurication of the brachial artery (raidal and ulnar artery)with accompying veins
-tendons of biceps brachii
-radial nerve and its branches |
|
|
Term
| What are the medial nerve innervations in the hand? |
|
Definition
"Meat Loaf"
Median Nerve Innervates:
-Lumbricals
-Opponens Pollicis
-Abductor Pollicis Brevis
-Flexor Pollicis Brevis |
|
|
Term
| What is the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| the space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament), which is a thick connective tissue that bridges the space between the medial and lateral side of the carpal arch. |
|
|
Term
| What structures pass anterior to the Flexor Retinaculum? Which ones pass beneath? |
|
Definition
Anteriorly:
-Ulnar Nerve
-Ulnar Artery
-tendons of Palmaris Longus m.
Beneath:
-Tendons of Flexor digitorium
-Median Nerve
-Tendon of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle |
|
|
Term
| When is the anatomical snuff box visible and what is it bound by? |
|
Definition
Visible when the thumb is fully extended.
Anteriorly (laterally) bound by:
-Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)
-Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)
Posteriorly (medially) Bound by:
-Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL) |
|
|
Term
| What artery lies on the bottom of the anatomical snuffbox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What artery in the forearm is often used to palpate an aterial pulse?
What vein is often use for venipuncture? |
|
Definition
Artery: Forearm= Radial, Arm= brachial
Vein: Median Cubital |
|
|
Term
| What structure separates the thorax and abdomen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 joints of the Sternum? |
|
Definition
1. Manubriosternal
2. Xiphisternal
3. Sternocostal
4.Synchondrosis (1st rib) |
|
|
Term
| Why is the Sternal Angle an important landmark (7 reasons)? |
|
Definition
1.marks 2nd rib and costal cartilage
2.bifurication of the trachea
3.begining/end of aortic arch
4.superior limit of the pericardium
5.superior/inferior mediastinal border
6.T4-5, T4 IV disc
7. Arch of Azygos Vein |
|
|
Term
| What sits in the costal groove of the ribs? |
|
Definition
| The intercostal neurovascular bundle (intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins) |
|
|
Term
| How many True Ribs? False Ribs? Floating Ribs? |
|
Definition
True: 7 (1-7)
False: 3 (8-10)
Floating 2 (11-12) |
|
|
Term
| What are the typical ribs? atypical? What is the costal margin? |
|
Definition
Typical Ribs: Have all features (3-9)
Atypical Ribs: Missing different features (1,2, 10-12)
Costal Margin: the lower edge of the chest formed by the false ribs, specifically formed from ribs 7-10 |
|
|
Term
| Describe the articulation of posterior vertebra and their ligaments. |
|
Definition
| The ribs will articulate with the corresponding vertebra and with the vertebra right above (superior) to it. |
|
|
Term
What are 2 joints associated with the ribs and vertebra?
How many ribs articulate to one thoracic vertebra?
How many articular facets exist on one typical thoracic vertebra? |
|
Definition
Joints:
1. The head ofa typical rib articulates with two adjacent vertebral bodies and the IV disc between them
2.Costotransverse (tubercle of each rib articulate with corresponding transverse process)
4 ribs
6 facets (Left and right superior/inferior = 4, 2 transverse) |
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Term
| What is contained in each intercostal space? |
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Definition
Intercostal:
-muscles
-membranes
-nerves
-vessels |
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Term
| What are teh muscles of the thoracic wall (6)? Function? |
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Definition
1. External Intercostal (hands in pocket): inspiration elevates ribs
2.Internal Intercostals (active during expiration)
3.Innermost intercostals: deepest part of intercostals (sepeartes from internal intercostals by nerves and vessels)
4.Tranverse Toracic Muscle: weak expiration
5.Subcostal Muscles
6. Diaphragm: primary muscle of inspiration |
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Term
| Describe the movements of the thoracic wall. |
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Definition
Vertical diameter(caused by diaphragm):
-inspire: diaphragm contracts/descends
-expire: its normal
Anterposterior diameter (intercostals muscles contract)
-Inspire: ribs pulled upward
-elevation of ribs resul in AP movement of sternum
Transverse/Lateral Movement (intercostal muscles contract)
-bucket handle movement
inspire: raise the middle of the ribs laterally (lower ones especially)
**movement in all direction |
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Term
| Which arteries supply the thoracic wall? What arteries are found within the wall? |
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Definition
Supplied by:
-Thoracic Aorta
-Subclavian Artery
-Axillary Artery
Inside:
-Thoracic Aorta
-Internal Thoracic Artery
-Anterior/Posterior Intercostal Arteries |
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Term
| What are the veins of the thoracic wall? How are they related? |
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Definition
Veins:
-11 Posterior Intercostal Veins
-1 Subcostal Vein
-azygous vein
-superior vena cava
intercostal/subcostal-->azygous-->superior venaa cava |
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Term
| What is intercostal nerve block? |
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Definition
| doctor will place the needle into the intercostal space below the ribs and then inject the local anesthetic. |
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Term
| What are the 4 parietal pleura? |
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Definition
1.Cpstal
2.Mediastinal
3.Diaphragmatic Pleura
4.Cervical |
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Term
| What is in the hilum (root of each lung)? |
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Definition
-Pulmonary Artery
-Two pulmonary veins
-Main bronchus
-Bronchial Vessels
-Nerves
-lymphatics |
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Term
| What are the grooves in the left lung? What is the lingula? |
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Definition
Grooves:
-Groove for descending aorta
-Groove for arch of aorta
-Cardiac impression
-Groove for esophagus
The lingula is the little tounge structure on the tip of the lung (there is no function of the lingula) |
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Term
What are the grooves in the right lung?
What are the lobes?
What are the fissures? |
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Definition
Grooves:
-Groove for esophagus
-Groove for azygous
-Groove fro Superior Vena Cava
-Cardiac impression
Lobes:
-superior
-middle
-inferior
Fissures:
-Oblique
-Horizontal |
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Term
| What is the progression of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| Trachea-->Right/Left Bronchus-->lobar (secondary) bronchi-->segmental (teritary) bronchi-->terminal bronchioles-->respiratory bronchioles-->pulmonary alveoli (basic unit for gas exchange) |
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Term
| Describe the vasculature within the lungs. |
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Definition
Two types of circulation:
Pulmonary
Bronchial
Pulmonary:
Arteries: deoxygenated blood to lungs
Veins: oxygenated blood from lungs
Bronchial (nutrition):
Arteries: oxygenated blood
Veins: deoxygenated blood |
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Term
| What does the pulmonary plexus contain? |
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Definition
-Parasympathetics (Presynaptic)
***Bronchoconstrictor
***Vasodilator
-Sympathetics (postsynaptic)
***Bronchodialator
***Vasoconstrictor
-Viseral Afferent |
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Term
| What is the nerve supply to the pleura? |
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Definition
Parietal:
-Costal: Intercostal Nerves
-Mediastinal & Diaphragmatic: Phrenic
Viseral Pleura: autonomic nerves from pulmonary plexus |
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Term
What nerve is compressed during Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
How is it corrected? |
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Definition
Median Nerve
The Transverse Carpal Ligament (Felxor Retinanculum) is divided |
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Term
Describe Lateral Epicondylitis.
How does it differ from Medial Epicondylitis? |
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Definition
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow):
-inflammation of extensor tendon
-repetitive use of superfical extensor muscles-pain over lateral epicondyle
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow):
-Inflammation of the common flexor tendon
-reptitive use of the flexor muscles of the forearm |
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Term
| What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the "dinner fork" deformity. |
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Definition
| ulnar styloid process breaks off and projects further than the radial styloid process. |
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Term
| What is Spina Bifida Occulta? Spina Bifida Cystica? |
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Definition
Occulta:
-posterior arch of vertebra doesnt fuse
-between L5 and S1
Cystica:
-defects in neural tube development
-fluid filled sac |
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Term
| What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle? Function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can lead to a rupture of the Transverse ligament of the vertebra? |
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Definition
-release of dens (odontoid process) resulting in alanto-axial subluxation
-can occur due to pathological softening (like in Downs Syndrome)
-compression of spinal cord |
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Term
| Describe what occurs in terms of aging vertebra disc. |
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Definition
-Nucleus Pulposus dehydrates, loses elastin, and proteoglycans, gains collagen
-IV disc become stiffer and more resistant to deformation
-IV increase in diameter and thickness |
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Term
| What occurs if there is a fracture at the midshaft of the humerus? at the medial epicondyle? at the supraepicondyle? What nerve is damaged at each fracture? |
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Definition
"Dr. CUMA"
Midshaft:
-Wrist Drop; Radial n.
Medial Epicondyle:
-Claw Hand; Ulnar n.
Supraepicondyle:
-Ape Hand, Median Nerve |
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Term
What is the orgin of the Serratus Anterior M.? Its insertion? Action? Nerve?
What can result if this nerve is damaged? |
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Definition
Orgin: first 8 or 9 ribs
Insert: Lower 1/2 of medial border of scapula
Action: protraction, Abduction, Rotate superiorly
Nerve: Long Thoracic (if damaged can lead to Wing Scapula) "SALT" |
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Term
| What are the different types of fratures that can occur within the humerus (5)? |
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Definition
1.Impacted
2.Avulsion
3.Transverse
4.Spiral
5.Intercondylar |
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Term
| What does the needle pass between during a Spinal Puncture? What does it pass through? |
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Definition
Between: Spinous Processes
Through: Ligamentum Flavum |
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Term
| What is teh difference between a Grade 2 and Grade 3 Dislocation of the AC joint? |
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Definition
A Grade 2 dislocation involves the acromicoclavicular ligament.
A Grade 3 AC joint dislocation involves the acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament. |
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Term
| What bursa is damaged/inflammed in "students elbow"? |
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Definition
| Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa |
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Term
| What is "nursemaid's elbow"? |
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Definition
| the Subluxation and Dislocation of the Radial Head (occurs when a child is lifted by the upper limb while the forearm is in a pronated position) |
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