Term
hearing loss from non-occupational noise exposure |
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Definition
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Term
hearing loss from all other causes (e.g. disease, ototoxicity, hereditary) |
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Definition
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Term
__-__ million US workers are exposed to hazardous noise levels (> 85 dBA) on the job |
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Definition
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Term
What are some common occupations at risk for noise exposure? |
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Definition
agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing and utilities, transportation, and military |
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Term
1 in __ develop permanent SNHL & many will experience tinnitus |
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Definition
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Term
Agriculture: -Prevalence rate is ___% of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (AFFH) sector -As many as 1 in __ (up to 36% have hearing loss) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Because HL caused by noise is permanent -To maximize communication ability -Improve job performance and safety |
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Term
hearing loss caused due to exposure to high noise levels |
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Definition
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Term
hearing loss due to exposure to high noise levels at work (e.g. to carry out occupation/job) |
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Definition
Occupational noise-induced HL (ONIHL) |
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Term
What are some common damages caused the the IE from noise? |
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Definition
swollen/twisted hair cells, stereocilia disarrayed, tectorial membrane detached from stereocilia, reduced enzymes in cochlear fluids, broken stereocilia, fused stereocilia, hair cells disintegrate, and never fibers that innervate hair cells can disappear |
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Term
How can acoustic trauma effect the middle ear? |
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Definition
May cause ossicular chain disarticulation and may perforate the TM |
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Term
What are some auditory effects of noise? |
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Definition
SNHL, tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion, and diplacusis |
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Term
When a tone of one freq. is presented to both ears, the pitch of the tones is perceived to be different. Can interfere with the perception of music |
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Definition
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Term
Structures associated with ___ Hz region might be more susceptible to acoustic trauma |
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Definition
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Term
Why 4000 Hz is most commonly affected by noise exposure: -EAC resonant frequency is about ___-___ Hz. Maximum loss often occurs about ___ octave above the exposure frequency - Middle ear muscle contraction (due to intense sounds) reduces ___-freq energy transmission into the cochlea (___ freq. energy is relatively unaffected) |
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Definition
2700-3000; 1/2; low; high |
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Term
What are some non-auditory effects of noise? |
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Definition
-Lost productivity, increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries -Increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries -Increased blood pressure -Fatigue -Irritability -Absenteeism/poorer attitude -Communication difficulty |
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Term
What are some occupational noise sources for noise exposure? |
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Definition
power tools, machinery, transportation, manufacturing processes, weapons, and music |
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Term
sound levels measured with a sound level meter set to “A weighting” scale |
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Definition
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Term
Sound levels of ___ dBA and above are thought to be potentially hazardous levels |
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Definition
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Term
Erratic, intermittent, or statistically random oscillation; Any unwarranted disturbance within a useful frequency band |
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Definition
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Term
Has a sharp rise & rapid decay in sound level |
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Definition
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Term
-Impulsive noise lasts less than __ second(s) -___ noise caused by a force over time -___ noise caused by a single collision of one mass in motion with a second mass (at rest or in motion) |
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Definition
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Term
What are some factors that increase NIHL? |
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Definition
age, smoking, genetics, and exposure to certain chemical agents |
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Term
What are some organic solvents associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
Styrene, toluene, and xylene |
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Term
What are some metals that are associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
Mercury, lead, and trimethyltin |
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Term
What are some asphyxiants that are associated with NIHL? |
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Definition
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide |
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Term
-More than ____ children in US have blood lead levels greater than normal -___ million homes have lead hazards |
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Definition
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Term
What are some substances that expose workers to xylene, toluene, and methyl-ethyl ketone? |
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Definition
Fules (gas), paints and adhesives, and heating industry (propane and kerosene) |
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Term
What is substance is associated with styrene? |
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Definition
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Term
What industry is associated with toluene? |
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Definition
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Term
What are some parts of a hearing conservation program? |
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Definition
Noise measures, noise controls, audiometric monitoring, education and motivation, HPDs, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the HCP |
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Term
identify potentially hazardous areas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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What is the point of education and motivation? |
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Definition
-Train workers & management about effects of noise & how HCPs reduce ONIHL -Motivate workers to cooperate with HCP requirements |
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Term
What does CAOHC stand for? |
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Definition
Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) |
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Term
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Definition
2 representatives from 9 professional organizations (including AAA, ASHA, and AAO-HNS) |
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Term
CAOHC: -Made up of Occupational Hearing Conservationists who are ___ and Course Directors who are ___ and ___ -Not a ___ society -Not a ___ organization |
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Definition
technicians, audiologists and physicians; professional; membership |
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Term
What does NIOSH stand for? |
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Definition
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health |
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Term
What is NIOSH interested in? |
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Definition
-Interested in all aspects of on-the-job health & safety -Interested in preventing NIHL -Conducts research |
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Term
What does OSHA stand for? |
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Definition
Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
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Term
OSHA: -To assure safe & healthful ___ conditions -Enforces ___, provides training -OSHA is part of the US Department of ___ |
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Definition
working; standards; Labor |
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Term
OSHA standards: -___ dB permissible exposure limit -Exchange rate: __ dB |
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Definition
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Term
NIOSH Standards: -___ dB permissible exposure limit -Exchange rate: __ dB -Considered "___ ___" |
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Definition
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Term
Trading relationship between level & duration of noise exposure |
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Definition
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Term
Example of Exchange Rate: -Example: OSHA (1983) has a 5 dB exchange rate -For every 5 dB increase in exposure level, the allowable duration is reduced by ___ |
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Definition
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