Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Background and Introduction
Industrial Audiology
45
Audiology
Graduate
06/07/2018

Additional Audiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
hearing loss from non-occupational noise exposure
Definition
Sociacusis
Term
hearing loss from all other causes (e.g. disease, ototoxicity, hereditary)
Definition
Nosoacusis
Term
__-__ million US workers are exposed to hazardous noise levels (> 85 dBA) on the job
Definition
5-30
Term
What are some common occupations at risk for noise exposure?
Definition
agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing and utilities, transportation, and military
Term
1 in __ develop permanent SNHL & many will experience tinnitus
Definition
4
Term
Agriculture:
-Prevalence rate is ___% of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (AFFH) sector
-As many as 1 in __ (up to 36% have hearing loss)
Definition
15; 3
Term
Why conserve hearing?
Definition
-Because HL caused by noise is permanent
-To maximize communication ability
-Improve job performance and safety
Term
hearing loss caused due to exposure to high noise levels
Definition
Noise-induced HL
Term
hearing loss due to exposure to high noise levels at work (e.g. to carry out occupation/job)
Definition
Occupational noise-induced HL (ONIHL)
Term
What are some common damages caused the the IE from noise?
Definition
swollen/twisted hair cells, stereocilia disarrayed, tectorial membrane detached from stereocilia, reduced enzymes in cochlear fluids, broken stereocilia, fused stereocilia, hair cells disintegrate, and never fibers that innervate hair cells can disappear
Term
How can acoustic trauma effect the middle ear?
Definition
May cause ossicular chain disarticulation and may perforate the TM
Term
What are some auditory effects of noise?
Definition
SNHL, tinnitus, hyperacusis, distortion, and diplacusis
Term
When a tone of one freq. is presented to both ears, the pitch of the tones is perceived to be different. Can interfere with the perception of music
Definition
Diplacusis
Term
Structures associated with ___ Hz region might be more
susceptible to acoustic trauma
Definition
4000
Term
Why 4000 Hz is most commonly affected by noise exposure:
-EAC resonant frequency is about ___-___ Hz. Maximum loss often occurs about ___ octave above the exposure frequency
- Middle ear muscle contraction (due to intense sounds) reduces ___-freq energy transmission into the cochlea (___ freq. energy is relatively unaffected)
Definition
2700-3000; 1/2; low; high
Term
What are some non-auditory effects of noise?
Definition
-Lost productivity, increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries
-Increased likelihood of on-the-job injuries
-Increased blood pressure
-Fatigue
-Irritability
-Absenteeism/poorer attitude
-Communication difficulty
Term
What are some occupational noise sources for noise exposure?
Definition
power tools, machinery, transportation, manufacturing processes, weapons, and music
Term
sound levels measured with a sound level meter set to “A weighting” scale
Definition
dBA
Term
Sound levels of ___ dBA and above are thought to be potentially hazardous levels
Definition
85
Term
Erratic, intermittent, or statistically random oscillation; Any unwarranted disturbance within a useful frequency band
Definition
Noise
Term
Has a sharp rise & rapid decay in sound level
Definition
impulsive noise
Term
-Impulsive noise lasts less than __ second(s)
-___ noise caused by a force over time
-___ noise caused by a single collision of one mass in motion with a second mass (at rest or in motion)
Definition
1;Impulse; Impact
Term
What are some factors that increase NIHL?
Definition
age, smoking, genetics, and exposure to certain chemical agents
Term
What are some organic solvents associated with NIHL?
Definition
Styrene, toluene, and xylene
Term
What are some metals that are associated with NIHL?
Definition
Mercury, lead, and trimethyltin
Term
What are some asphyxiants that are associated with NIHL?
Definition
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide
Term
-More than ____ children in US have blood lead levels greater than normal
-___ million homes have lead hazards
Definition
500,000; 23
Term
What are some substances that expose workers to xylene, toluene, and methyl-ethyl ketone?
Definition
Fules (gas), paints and adhesives, and heating industry (propane and kerosene)
Term
What is substance is associated with styrene?
Definition
Plastics
Term
What industry is associated with toluene?
Definition
Printing
Term
What are some parts of a hearing conservation program?
Definition
Noise measures, noise controls, audiometric monitoring, education and motivation, HPDs, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the HCP
Term
identify potentially hazardous areas
Definition
noise measures
Term
to reduce noise levels
Definition
noise control
Term
What is the point of education and motivation?
Definition
-Train workers & management about effects of noise & how HCPs reduce ONIHL
-Motivate workers to cooperate with HCP requirements
Term
What does CAOHC stand for?
Definition
Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC)
Term
Who makes up the CAOHC?
Definition
2 representatives from 9 professional organizations (including AAA, ASHA, and AAO-HNS)
Term
CAOHC:
-Made up of Occupational Hearing Conservationists who are ___ and Course Directors who are ___ and ___
-Not a ___ society
-Not a ___ organization
Definition
technicians, audiologists and physicians; professional; membership
Term
What does NIOSH stand for?
Definition
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health
Term
What is NIOSH interested in?
Definition
-Interested in all aspects of on-the-job health & safety
-Interested in preventing NIHL
-Conducts research
Term
What does OSHA stand for?
Definition
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Term
OSHA:
-To assure safe & healthful ___ conditions
-Enforces ___, provides training
-OSHA is part of the US Department of ___
Definition
working; standards; Labor
Term
OSHA standards:
-___ dB permissible exposure limit
-Exchange rate: __ dB
Definition
90; 5
Term
NIOSH Standards:
-___ dB permissible exposure limit
-Exchange rate: __ dB
-Considered "___ ___"
Definition
85; 3; best practice
Term
Trading relationship between level & duration of noise exposure
Definition
Exchange rate
Term
Example of Exchange Rate:
-Example: OSHA (1983) has a 5 dB exchange rate
-For every 5 dB increase in exposure level, the allowable duration is reduced by ___
Definition
half
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