Term
| Name all vertebra types and how many |
|
Definition
Cervical-7
Thoracia-12
Lumbar-5
Sacral- 5 (fused)
coccyx-4 (fused) |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe the 4 vertebral curves |
|
Definition
cervical and lumbar (anteriorly convex)
thoracic and sacral (anteriorly concave)
cervical develops as child can hold head erect, lumbar when can walk |
|
|
Term
| Name the vertebra through which the sympathetic NS pass? parasympathetic? |
|
Definition
Symp- Thoracolumbar
Para- Craniosacral |
|
|
Term
| name the parts of the IV disc |
|
Definition
| annulosus fibrosus (outer) and nucleus pulposus (inner) |
|
|
Term
| What ligament connects the facet joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 foramen on cervical vert for? |
|
Definition
| entrance of vertebral artery(comes off subclavian vein) which goes on to circle of willis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the differences in an anatomy of all vertebral types |
|
Definition
cervical- smaller, shorter body, spinous process is bifid, foramen in each transverse process. (includes atlas and axis)
thoracic- larger and stronger body, facets on T1-T10 for articulation with ribs
lumbar- strongest and largest, spinous processes thick, and point down
sacrum- fused, auricular surface and sacral tuberosity of SI joint |
|
|
Term
| Difference bw extrinsic and intrinsic muscles |
|
Definition
extrinsic-movement of upeerlimbs and thoracic wall, innervated by ANTERIOR rami,
intrinsic- deep intervated by posterior rami, support and move vertebral column and head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protrusion of nucleus pulposus
most common in lumbar
disc can be removed after laminectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral bending of the column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exaggerrated thoracic curve, humped over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated lumbar curve (typical during pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of vertebral lamina to unite, nervous tissue exposed, paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common anomaly, when C7's transverse process becomes a complete rib. puts pressure on subclavian artery and inferior trunk of brachial plexus
-SYMPTOMS: numbness and tingling bilaterally- lack of blood supply going to brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fracture of C1 ring, axial loading injury to the head with compression force
-death common: C-3,4,5 DIAPHRAGM ALIVE, C1 above that so... |
|
|
Term
| Hangman's fracture or "whiplash" |
|
Definition
| Due to hyperextension of the head; an unstable fracture of the C2 pedicles, with forward displacement of C1 and the body of C2 on C3. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synovial and solid. symphyses bw vertebral bodies and synovial bw articular processes |
|
|
Term
| what constitutes the symphyses joints in vert column? |
|
Definition
| hyaline cartilage on each vert body and IV disc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joints bw vertebral arches. are superior and inferior articular processes on adjacent vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments |
|
Definition
lines the vertebral column and IV discs, ant and post. runs from head to sacrum
-Aorta lies on anterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| supraspinous ligament to ligamentum nuchae |
|
Definition
| connects tips of spinous processes from CVII to sacrum--> above CVII, becomes structurally different and is lig. nuchae (triangular shaped from occipital protuberance to top of CVII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe at L4-5 area (combo of disc herniation and posterior element hypertrophy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lesion in pars interarticularis in neural arch
usually in L5
common back pain in adolescents |
|
|
Term
| "scottie dog" in x-ray for spondyliosis |
|
Definition
ear- superior articular process
head- transverse processes
neck- pars interarticularis
body- lamina/spinous process
feet- inferior articular process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blends with lat. dorsi and serratus posterior inferior
covers deep muscles of back |
|
|
Term
| what should be taken during pregnancy to help neural tube form completely and prevent spina bifida |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meningeocoel, myelomeningeocoel, occulta |
|
|
Term
| where does an epidural go? |
|
Definition
| in sacral hiatus between SI joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where sacrum and ilium articulate (forms lower back dimples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treatment of osteoporotic or osteolytic compression fractures.
-vertebroplasty with balloon catheter technology, restores vert body to usual height, cement is injected into this cavity.
- instant relief
-injury usually seen in mediostatic cancer and older people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fusion of CI and CII or CV and CVI
-Cause usually embryogenic
-associated with cardiac anomaliesdue to midline of body deformities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpation points necessary for caudal epidural (near SI joint) |
|
|
Term
| Zygapophyseal joints of cervical region, orientation and fxn |
|
Definition
slope inferiorly from ant to post.
-flexion and extension |
|
|
Term
| zygapophyseal joints of thoracic region, oreintation and fxn |
|
Definition
oreinted vertically and limit flexion and extension
fxn: rotation |
|
|
Term
| zygapophyseal joints of lumbar regions, orientation and fxn |
|
Definition
joint surfaces curved and adjacent processes interlock
-flexion and extension (but limited due to connection of joints.) |
|
|
Term
| where are disc issues most common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LUMBAR DDD (degeneratie disc disease) |
|
Definition
with age- disc loses hydration and gains collagen, becomes more fibrous
early sign- horizontal intranuclear cleft
-height loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passes bw lamina of adjacent vertebrae
-form part of post. surface of vert. canal
- resist separation of lamina during flexion |
|
|
Term
| Factors contributing to spinal stenosis (3) |
|
Definition
-hypertrophy of ligaemtnum flava
-arthritic change of zygapophyseal joints
-disc protrusions |
|
|
Term
| difference bw spondylolysis and spondylolysthesis |
|
Definition
| spondylolysthesis is forward displacement of L5 (slides) and spondylolysis is fractur of pars articularis (usually of L5) |
|
|
Term
| Superficial Extrinsic Back muscles and their innervations |
|
Definition
Trapezius- Spinal accessory XI
Latissimus dorsi- thoracodorsal C6-C8
Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae- dorsal scapular C4 and 5 |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate group of extrinsic back muscles and their innervations |
|
Definition
serratus post. superior- Anterior rami
seratus post. inferior- Anterior rami |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic group of back muscle: Extensors and rotators of the head and neck |
|
Definition
splenius capitis (head)
splenius cervicis (neck) |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic group of back muscle: Extensors and rotators of the vertebral column |
|
Definition
| Erector spinae and transversospinales |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic group of back muscles: Short segmental muscles |
|
Definition
interspinales
intertransversarii |
|
|
Term
| typical fxn of intrinsic group of back muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverspinales. 3 major groups and total fxn |
|
Definition
Semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores.
Fxn:If pull to one side- cause trunk to rotate to opp side. When pull together, trunk extends. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medially:Rectus capitis posterior, major and minor
Inferior: Oblique capitis inferior
superior: oblique capitis superior
POSTERIOR RAMI OF CI COMES RIGHT THROUGH |
|
|
