Deep muscle

Inervated by Posterior Primary Rami

Somite derived hypomere becomes:

superficial muscle (lateral and ventral body wall muscles)

Inervated by Anterior Primary Rami

33 Vertebrae

• 7 Cervical
• 12 Thoracic
• 5 Lumbar
• 5 fused Sacral
• 3-5 fused Coccygeal

• During first 2 months of fetal life, only primary exists.
• Convex posterior
• Thoracic and Sacral regions

• Develope during infancy and childhood (post-natal)
• Concave Posterior
• Cervical and Lumbar

Hunch back

• Exagerrated Thoracic curvature
• Old people tend to get this

Sway back/ Saddle back

• Accentuation of lumbar curvature
• Pregnant women get this.

• Lateral deviation due to unequal growth of spinal column. Kids who lean to one side can get this.
• Erosion or assymetric paralysis
• weakness of muscles

How many somites make up a vertebrate?

2

Dorsal (posterior) Rami

C2-C5 & T1-L3

Spinous processes

• Project on each side from Pedicle and Lamina.
• Articulate with ribs in thoracic region and neural vertebrae.

Structure of Vertebrae 

Articulate with each other.

Superior of one connects to inferior of another.

Space where the tip of the rib rests.

Anterior to Pedicle.

Has Inferior and Superior

Circular/Triangular opening in the vertebrae

Between inferior and posterior surfaces of Pedicles. Transmit spinal nerves and vessels leaving vertebral canal.

In each Transverse process of Cervical vertebra. Transmit artery, vein and autonomic nerves.

• Collapse of vertebral bodies resulting from trauma

• A foward displacement of vertebra on the one below.
• Usually the fifth lumbar over the body of the sarcum

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  •  
    • 2 vertebrae are fixed on each other

• Head is hyperextended causing the neck to hyperflex rapidly.
• Occurs at C4 C5 junction.
• C1-C4 act as lash, C5-C7 acts whip

• Soft center of intervertebral disk
• Reticular and Collagen fibers in mucus
• exchanges fluid with capillaries

• Protrusion of Nucleus Pulposus into intervertebral foramina or into vertebral canal.

• Degenerative joint disease affecting the lumbar vertebrae & intervetebral disks, causing pain and stiffness.

• Made of concentric layers of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage.
• Outside part of Intervertebral disk.
• Binds column together
• Retains nucleus
• Permits movement and absorbs shock.

• Skull to sacrum on anterior surface of spine.
• prevents Hyperextension
• on bodies

• On anterior end of spine
• Prevents Hyperflexion
• On bodies

• Connects laminae of two adjacent vertebrae.
• Maintains upright posture

• Between wall of canal and dura mater.
• Communicates with basivertebral veins.

• Anterior and Posterior part of the spine,
• Provides pathway for malignent disease to pass from pelvis to skull
• Lymphs are superficial & deep