Deltoid

• Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine scapula
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity and lateral humeral shaft
• Action: aBducts arm w/ superspinatus, flex and medially rotate arm, extend and laterally rotate arm
• Nerve: axillary (C5, C6)
• Blood: post. circumflex humeral a. (3rd part of axillary a.)

• Origin: subscapular fossa
• Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus and adjacent shoulder joint capsule
• Action: medial rotation arm, helps stabilize  shoulder joint
• Nerve: upper & lower subscapular n. (C5, C6 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)
• Blood: subscapular a. off of axillary a. (largest branch of axillary a. - 3rd part)

• Origin: supraspinatus fossa
• Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
• Action: aBducts arm for first 15 degrees, assists deltoid, stabilizes shoulder joint
• Nerve: suprascapular (C5-6 - superior trunk of brachial plexus)
• Blood: suprascapular a. (of thyrocervical trunk)

• Origin: infraspinatus fossa
• Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
• Action: laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
• Nerve: suprascapular (C5-6 - superior trunk of brachial plexus)
• Blood: suprascapular a. (of thyrocervical trunk)

• Origin: superior portion of lateral scapula
• Insertion: greater tubercle, adjacent shoulder joint capsule
• Action: laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
• Nerve: axillary n. (C5-6)
• Blood: circumflex  scapular a. (branch of subscapular a.)

• Origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower 4-8 thoracic vertebrae (number varies), inferior scapula angle, & 3-4 lower ribs
• Insertion: medial region to bicipital groove of humerus
• Action: extends, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates arm
• Nerve: thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8 - posterior cord of brachial plexus))
• Blood: thoracodorsal a. (continuation of subscapular a.)

• Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine
• Action: raises, retracts, rotates scapula
• Nerve: spinal accessory (CN-XI)
• Blood: transverse cervical a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk - first portion of the subclavian a.)

• Origin: lower segment of lateral border of scapula
• Insertion: medial region to bicipital groove of humerus
• Action: adducts and medially (internally) rotates arm
• Nerve: lower subscapular (C5, C6 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)
• Blood: circumflex scapular a. (of subscapular artery)

• Origin: spines of T2-5
• Insertion: medial border of scapula at infraspinatous fossa
• Action: pulls scapula medially, raises medial border of scapula
• Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
• Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.

• Origin: spines of C7 and T1
• Insertion: medial border of scapula at spine
• Action: pulls scapula medially, raises medial border of scapula
• Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
• Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.

• Origin: transverse process of C1-4
• Insertion: superomedial border of scapula
• Action: raises scapula at medial border
• Nerve: dorsal scapular n. (C5-C5 root)
• Blood: dorsal scapular artery - branch of subclavian a.

• Origin: ribs 1-8
• Insertion: inferior angle and medial border of scapula
• Action: rotates scapula and pulls scapula around thoracic cage
  In arm abduction, scapula is moved & stabilized so humerus head rotates at glenoid fossa.
• Nerve: long thoracic (C5-C7 - C5-7 roots)
• Blood: lateral thoracic a. (of axillary artery - 2nd part)

• Origin:
  • capitus: spines of C7-T4
  • cervicis: spines T3-6
• Insertion:
  • capitus: superior nuchal line and mastoid process of temporal bone
  • cervicis: transverse process C1-3
• Action: extends and hyperextends head
• Nerve: dorsal rami of C4-8
• Blood: multiple aa.

• Origin
  • cervicis: 3-6 ribs
  • thoracis: 7-12 ribs
  • lumborum: sacrum & medial illiac crest
• Insertion:
  • cervicis: transverse process of C4-6
  • thoracis: 1-6 ribs
  • lumborum: 7-12 ribs
• Action: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin:
  
  • capitis: transverse process of T1-5
  • cervicis: thoracic vertebra
  • thoracis: lumbar vertebra
• Insertion:
  • capitis: mastoid process
  • cervicis: transverse proc C2-6
  • thoracis: thoracic vert & 3-12 ribs
• Action:
  • capitis: extends and rotates head
  • cervicis & thoracis: extend & laterally flex vertebra
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin:
  • capitis: ligamentum nuchae
  • cervicis: spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
  • thoracis: spinous process of lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion:
  • capitis: occiput
  • cervicis: spine of C2
  • thoracis: spines of T4-T8
• Action: extends vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin:
  • capitis: C4-C7
  • cervicis: T1-6
  • thoracis: T7-T12
• Insertion:
  • capitis: occiput
  • cervicis: spines of C2-5
  • thoracis: spines of C6-T4
• Action: extends vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: C4-L, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum (can cross 3-5 vertebra)
• Insertion: spines of superior vertebra
• Action: extends and rotates vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae
• Insertion: spines of superior vertebrae
• Action: extends and rotates vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: spinous process of C3-7, T2-12, L2-5
• Insertion: spines of superior vertebra
• Action: extends vertebral column
• Nerve: dorsal primary rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: transverse process of C2-L5 (lumbar to axis)
• Insertion: transverse process of superior vertebra
• Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column
• Nerve: ventral (for medial m.) and dorsal rami of spinal nerves
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: spines of C7-T3
• Insertion: superior border of ribs 2-5
• Action: raises ribs during inspiration
• Nerve: 2nd-5th intercostal nn.
• Blood: transverse cervical a. (branch of thyrocervical trunk)

• Origin: spines of T11-L2
• Insertion: superior borders of ribs 8-12
• Action: depresses (lowers) ribs
• Nerve: anterior rami of spinal nerves T9-12
• Blood: thoracodorsal a. (continuation of subscapular a.)

• Origin: transverse process of C7-T11
• Insertion: lower rib at costal angle
• Action: raises rib and laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
• Nerve: intercostal nn.
• Blood: posterior intercostal aa.

• Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
• Insertion: inferior nuchal line
• Action: extends and rotates head
• Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
• Blood: occipital a.

• Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
• Insertion: inferior nuchal line
• Action: extends head
• Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
• Blood: occipital a.

• Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
• Insertion: inferior nuchal line
• Action: bends head backward (extends head) and laterally
• Nerve: suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus of C1)
• Blood: occipital a.

• Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
• Insertion: transverse process of atlas
• Action: rotates head
• Nerve: suboccipital n (dorsal ramus of C1)
• Blood: occipital a.