Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromonion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle

Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Action: abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate

Nerve: Axillary nerve (C5,C6) 

Origin: spinous processes

Insertion: spinous processes six levels above

Action: Lateral flexion of spine

Nerve: posterior primary rami

Origin: iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Ribs, cervical transverse processes

Action: Extends and lateral flexes spine

Nerve: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Transverse processes

Insertion: Transverse processes one above

Action: lateral flexes spine

Nerve: Posterior primary rami

Origin: spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major

Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm.  Helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8)

Origin: Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nucae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12

Insertion: Posterior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, medial border of the acromion, spine of scapula

Action: Laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. Extends and laterally flexes neck

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (C1-5) and C3 and C4 for proprioception

Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4. 

Insertion: Upper part of medial border of scapula

Action: Raises medial border of scapula

Innervation: Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Origin: Lower ligamental nuchae, spines of C7 and T1

Insertion: Medial border of scapula at level of spine, below insertion of levator scapulae

Action: Retracts scapula, rotates lower scapula back to rest postion

Innervation: Dorsal scapular (C5)

Origin: Spines of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligaments

Insertion: Lower half medial border of scapula (from angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular spine)

Action: Retracts scapula, rotates to rest position

Nerve: Dorsal scapular (C5)

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2

Insertion: Posterior aspect of ribs 2-5

Action: assists forced inspiration

Nerve: Anterior primary rami (T2-5)

Origin: Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-3

Insretion: Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Action: Extends and rotates cervical spine

Innervation: Posterior primary rami of C3, 4

Origin: Spinour processes and supraspinous ligaments of T3-T6

Insertion: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3

Action: Extends and rotates cervical spine

Innervation: Posterior primary rami of C5, C6. 

Origin: Transverse processes

Insertion: Transverse processes several levels above

Action: Extends spine

Innervation: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Transverse processes

Insertion: Spinous processes above and occipital bone

Action: Extends head and spine and lateral flexes spine

Innervation: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2

Insertion: Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12

Action: Assists forced expiration

Innervation: Anterior primary rami (T9-12)

Origin: Transverse processes

Insertion: Spinous processes one above

Action: rotates spine

Nerve: posterior primary rami

Origin: Transverse processes C7 to T11

Insertion: Posterior surface and angle of rib below

Action: Elevates ribs

Innervation: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Laminae of vertebra

Insertion: Spinous processes two to three levels above. 

Action: Extends spine

Nerve: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion: Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

Action: Rotates atlanto-axial joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Origin: Lateral mass of atlas (C1)

Insertion: Lateral half ofn the inferior nuchal line

Action: Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Origin: Spinous processes

Insertion: Spinous processes one above

Action: Extension of spine

Innervation: Posterior primary rami

Origin: Spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion: Lateral half of inferior nuchal line

Action: Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)

Origin: Posterior process of atlas (C1)

Insertion: Medial half of inferior nuchal line

Action: Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve (posteior primary ramus C1)

Origin: Medial three quarters of supraspinous foss of scapula, upper surface of spine

Insertion: Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint

Action: abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Origin: Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula (below teres minor)

Insertion: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Action: Medially rotates and adducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)

Origin: middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major

Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint

Action: laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, 6)