Term
Bacillus anthrasis
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
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Definition
Sheep, goats, cattle
Endospores (cutaneous, inhalation, ingestion)
Aerobic/facultative anaerobe
unique protein capsule; antiphagocytic
Non-motile
PX01: encodes exotoxin
PX02: poly-glutamyl capsule
Protective Antigen (PA): similar to B subunit)
Edema Factor (EF): i/c cAMP
Lethal Factor (LF): TNF & IL-1
Anthrax
-Cutaneous: 95%, implanted, black lesion
-Pulmonary: widened mediastinum/hemorrhagic mediastinitis
-GI: abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea
Gram stain
Culture
Serology
PCR of nasal swab |
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Term
Bacillus cereus
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
|
Definition
Endospores
Aerobic
No capsule
Motile
Heat labile: like that in ETEC
Heat stable: produces syndrome similar to Staph aureus food poisoning, but with limited diarrhead
Food poisoning: N&V, diarrhea
Culture specimen from food source |
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Term
Clostridium botulinum
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
|
Definition
Store vegetables: home-canned, Zip-lock
Smoked fish
Fresh honey: infant botulism
Endospores (heat resistant)
*Anaerobic*
Motile: flagella (H-Ag pos)
Neurotoxin: inhibits release of Ach from peripheral nerves
Toxin is not secreted, but released upon death of bacterium
Food-borne botulism: CN palsies, muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis
Infant: constipation, flaccid paralysis
Would: similar to food-borne, but not GI prodromal symptoms
Gram stain
Culture requires anaerobic conditions |
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Term
Clostridium tetani
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
|
Definition
Soil
Endospores: introduced through wound
Anaerobic
Motile: flagella, H-Ag +
Tetanospasmin: inhibits release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitters) from nerve cells -> sustained muscle contraction
Muscle spasms
Lockjaw (trismus)
Risus sardonicus
Respiratory muscle paralysis
Gram + rods, endospore at one end, *drumstick*
Culture req's anaerobic conditions |
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Term
Closteridium perfrigens
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
|
Definition
Soil
GI tract of humans & mammals
Endospores
Anaerobic
Non-motile
Alpha toxin: lecithinase
11 other tissue enzymes
Gaseous Gangrene
-cellulitis/wound infxn
-clostridial myonecrosis
-watery diarrhea
Gram stain
Culture req's anaerobic conditions |
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Term
Clostridium difficile
-reservoir
-transmission
-metabolism
-virulence
-toxins
-clinical
-diagnostics |
|
Definition
Intestinal tract
Endospores in hospitals & nursin homes
Fecal-oral: ingestion of endospores
Anaerobic
Motile: flagella, H-Ag +
Toxin A: diarrhea
Toxin B: cytotoxic to colonic epithelial cells
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis: antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Immunoassay for C. difficile toxin
Colonoscopy |
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