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BA 320
Chapter 5
19
Business
Undergraduate 3
03/07/2011

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Term
Learning
Definition
a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
learning that takes place when the learner recognizes the connection between a behavior and its consequence
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
the process by which the probability that a desired behavior will occur is increased by applying consequences that depend on the behavior
Term
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
reinforcement that increases the probability of a desired behavior by administering positive consequences to employees who perform the behavior
Term
Negative Reinforcement
Definition
reinforcement that increases the probability of a desired behavior by removing a negative consequence when an employee performs the behavior
Term
Shaping
Definition
the reinforcement of successive and closer approximations to a desired behavior
Term
Extinction
Definition
the lessening of undesired behavior by removing the source of reinforcement
Term
Punishment
Definition
the administration of a negative consequence when undesired behavior occurs
Term
Organizational Behavior Modification
Definition
the systematic application of the principles of operant conditioning for learning and managing important organizational behaviors
Term
Social Cognitive Theory
Definition
a learning theory that takes into account the fact that thoughts, feelings, and the social environment influence learning
Term
Cognitive processes
Definition
thought processes
Term
Vicarious Learning
Definition
learning that occurs when one person learns a behavior by watching another person perform the behavior
Term
Self-Control
Definition
self-discipline that allows a person to learn to perform a behavior even though there is no external pressure to do so
Term
Self-Reinforcers
Definition
consequences or rewards that individuals can give to themselves
Term
Self-Efficacy
Definition
a person's belief about his or her ability to perform a particular behavior successfully
Term
Experiential Learning
Definition
learning that occurs by the direct involvement of the learner in the subject matter being learned (that is, learning by doing)
Term
Creativity
Definition
the generation of novel and useful ideas
Term
Innovation
Definition
the successful implementation of creative ideas
Term
Organizational Learning
Definition
the process through which managers instill in all members of an organization a desire to find new ways to improve organizational effectiveness
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