Term
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Definition
| The maintainance of a stable body environment. |
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Term
| What does thermoregulation mean? |
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Definition
| The regulation of body temperature to keep it constant. |
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Term
| What is the normal body temperature of a human? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain regulates body temperature? |
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Definition
| The thermoregulatory centre. |
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Term
| How does the body cool down? |
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Definition
| Sweating, hairs lying flat (and vasodilation (HT only)) |
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Term
| How does the body warm up? |
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Definition
| Shivering, hairs standing on end (and vasoconstriction (HT only)) |
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Term
| Describe the shape of a graph for enzyme activity in a range of temperatures or pH levels. |
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Definition
| Enzyme activity will rise to an optimum then decrease again. |
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Term
| What is the name of the process of regulation of water levels in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the narrowing and expanding of blood vessels as a response to body temperature? (HT only) |
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Definition
| Vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
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Term
| Under normal circumstance does the body use negative or positive feedback to regulate body temperature, sugar levels and water levels etc. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The net movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi-permeable (or partially permeable) membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Term
| What is the central nervous system? |
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Definition
| The brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
| What do we call the part of the nerve cell that recieves the signal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the main long body of a nerve cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the myelin sheath? |
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Definition
| It acts as insulator to ensure the nerve signals do not suffer interference. |
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Term
| What is a somatic response? |
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Definition
| A conscious thought out response using the conscious brain. |
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Term
| Describe the nerve cells (neurones) that a nerve signal travels through between a sensor and effector for a somatic response. |
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Definition
| Sensor --> Sensory neurone --> Relay neurone --> CNS --> Relay neurone --> Motor neurone --> Effector |
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Term
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Definition
| Something which the body can sense such as heat, light, sound, smell, taste etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin, ears, eyes, nose, tongue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does a nerve signal cross the synapse (gap) between neurones? |
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Definition
| It triggers a chemical called a neurotransmitter which diffuses across the gap and fits the receiving neurone, triggering a nerve signal. |
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Term
| What is the gap between each neurone (nerve cell) called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are hormones produced? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do hormones travel around the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the body does not produce sufficient insulin in the pancreas and so cannot regulate blood glucose levels. |
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Term
| Glucose is a type of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the body no longer responds to insulin and cannot regulate blood glucose level. |
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Term
| Which type of diabetes is linked to obesity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Type 1 diabetes treated. |
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Definition
| With insulin injections and careful diet. |
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Term
| How is Type 2 diabetes treated. |
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Definition
| With a careful diet and appropriate exercise levels. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how auxin works in the stem. |
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Definition
| Auxin moves to the shaded side of the stem, causing elongation in the cells and bending the tip towards light. |
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Term
| Explain how auxin works in the roots. |
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Definition
| Auxin moves towards gravity and causes the cells to stop growing, meaning that the root bends towards gravity. |
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Term
| What is positive phototropism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is positive geotropism or gravitropism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are plant hormones used to produce seedless fruit? (HT only) |
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Definition
| They can cause plants to develop without seeds. |
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Term
| How are plant hormones used as a weedkiller? (HT only) |
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Definition
| Auxin when sprayed on crops will have a bigger effect on broad leaved weeds causing them to grow too fast and then die. |
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Term
| How are hormones used in fruit ripening by supermarkets? (HT only) |
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Definition
| They can be used to cause fruit to ripen in time for sale so it can be picked earlier and not ripen and go off too soon. |
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Term
| How are hormones used to make plant cuttings? (HT only) |
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Definition
| Plants can be dipped in rooting hormones to help roots develop quickly. |
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Term
| Give four uses of plant hormones by humans. |
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Definition
| Fruit ripening in supermarkets, seedless fruit, as a weedkiller and as a rooting powder. |
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