Term
| Name the five kingdoms of life. |
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Definition
| Animalia, plantae, fungi, protoctista and prokaryotes. |
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Term
| What do animals have in common? |
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Definition
| They are multicellular and heterotrophic (eat other living things). |
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Term
| What do plants have in common? |
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Definition
| They are multicellular and autotrophic (make their own food with photosynthesis). They have cell walls. |
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Term
| What do fungi have in common? |
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Definition
| They are multicellular and saprophtic (they eat dead things). They have cell walls. |
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Term
| What do prokaryotes have in common? |
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Definition
| They are unicellular and have no nucleus. |
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Term
| What do protoctista have in common? |
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Definition
| They are unicellular and have a nucleus. |
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Term
| What characteristic do all members of the phylum chordata have in common? |
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Definition
| They have a supporting rod made of bone or cartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Animals with a backbone. They are in the phylum chordata but are a smaller group within this phylum. |
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Term
| What three factors are used to divide chordata into five classes? |
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Definition
| Oxygen absorption methods, sexual reproduction methods and blood temperature regulation. |
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Term
| Name the five classes in chordata. |
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Definition
| Mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds. |
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Term
| What three different ways can chordates absorb oxygen? |
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Definition
| Through lungs, gills and skin. |
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Term
| How can reproductive methods be used to further classify chordates? |
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Definition
| They can reproduce internally (sexual reproduction) and have live young or eggs or they may reproduce externally (by leaving eggs in water to be fertilised by the male). |
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Term
| How can blood temperature be used to further classify chordates? |
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Definition
| They may be homeotherms (warm blooded) or poikilotherms (blood changes temperature with surroundings). NB "cold-blooded" is an incorrect term and should not be used. |
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Term
| Why can classification be problematic, such as with the duck-billed platypus? |
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Definition
| Some species have features from more than once group; hybrids do not belong in any one group. |
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Term
| What is the definition of a species? |
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Definition
| The largest group of individuals which can breed together to have fertile offspring. |
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Term
| Explain how the definion of species does not always work well. |
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Definition
| Some different species can breed together and have fertile offspring, such as brown bears and polar bears. |
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Term
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Definition
| The offspring of two different species (which isn't usually fertile). |
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Term
| What is the name of the classification system that uses two latin names? |
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Definition
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Term
| The binomial name for the tiger is Panthera tigis. Which part of the name is the genus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the seven life processes all living things do? |
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Definition
| MRS NERG (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Nutrition, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth) |
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Term
| Why are viruses not considered living? |
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Definition
| They do no show the seven life processes. |
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Term
| Why is the Linnean Classification important when carrying out conservation work? (HT only) |
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Definition
| This allows conservation workers to identify species more easily and then refer to them in a way that others understand without confusing species together. |
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Term
| Explain Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection in detail. |
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Definition
| Populations generally have overpopulation. This leads to competition between individuals. Inidivduals all show variation between them. Those with the characteristics favourable to competing for resources are more likely to survive longer and pass on their genes, leading to gradual change towards those favourable features in the species. |
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Term
| How do MRSA (and other superbugs) come to exist? Use the ideas from theory of evolution. |
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Definition
| Superbugs can come to exist when stronger strains survive (possibly through poor cleaning or not finishing antibiotic courses). The weaker microbes are killed and the stronger ones survive, leaving more microbes that are more resiliant. |
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Term
| What do we call the distribution of continuous variables in the human population, such as height and weight? |
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Definition
| Normal distribution (or Bell curve or Gaussian distribution). |
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Term
| What is continuous data? Use examples. |
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Definition
| Data that is in the form of numbers that can be anywhere on a scale (such as height, mass etc.) |
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Term
| What is discontinuous data? Use examples. |
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Definition
| Data that is in the form of categories or labels etc. (not numbers), such as eye colour or hair colour. |
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Term
| What does the "40th percentile" mean on a percentile chart? |
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Definition
| 40% of people would be below this line and 60% would be above it. |
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Term
| What is mean by a "ring species"? (HT only) |
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Definition
| A ring species occurs when two populations in the same area cannot interbreed but are connected by a ring of species round the world which can interbreed, such as gulls. |
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Term
| How are new scientific findings verified by the international community? |
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Definition
| Findings would be published in a journal or discussed at a seminar. Other scientists would discuss the findings and attempt to repeat the findings to verify them. |
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Term
| Where are chromosomes found in the body? |
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Definition
| In the nucleus of cells. (In chromosomes in the nucleus). |
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Term
| How many chromosomes does a human normally have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a segment of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A particular form of a gene (such as the allele for blue eyes) for a certain characteristic. |
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Term
| What terms do we use for two alleles the same and two alleles that are different? |
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Definition
| Two alleles the same are homozygous and two different ones are heterozygous. |
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Term
| What is the general term for sex cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the fertilised egg cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does phenotype mean? |
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Definition
| The characteristic given by the genes, e.g. blue eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| The letters of the two genes, e.g. Bb |
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Term
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Definition
| A recessive genetic disease affecting cell membranes which results in mucus affecting the lungs and tubes releasing digestive enzymes and sex cells etc. (thus causing digestive, breathing and reproductive issues). |
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Term
| What is Huntington's disease? |
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Definition
| A dominant genetic disease which affects the nervous system and leads to muscle control problems. |
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Term
| If two parents are both carriers of a recessive disease, what is the probability of a child being a sufferer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why might Henry VIII have been wrong to blame his wives for the lack of a son, using the ideas of genetics? |
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Definition
| The y chromosome making someone male is passed on by the father not the mother. |
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