60%

- Muscles of the head and neck 

- Muscle of the vertebral column

- The Obligue and rectus muscles

- Muscle of the pelvic diaphragm

MUSCLES OF THE

HEAD AND NECK

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Originate?

On the surface of the skull

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Their insertions?

- The collagen fibers of the epimysium are

woven into those of the superficial fascia (hypodermis) and dermis of the skin.

- When they contract, the skin moves.

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Innervated by cranial nerve VII? 

-(facial nerve)

FACIAL EXPRESSION

The largest group of facial muscles is associated with the?

- Mouth 

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Buccinator?

• Helps to move food back across the teeth from the space inside the cheeks

    • Pursing lips and blowing (whistling, sucking, squirting water)

          • Highly developed in babies and gives them fat cheeks

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Buccinator:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin- alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible

• Insertion- blends into the fibers of the orbicularis oris

• Action- compresses the cheeks

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Mentalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Pouting

• Origin- front of the mandible

• Insertion- skin of the cheek

• Action- elevates and protrudes the upper lip

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Orbicularis oris:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Closes your mouth, puckers the lips

• Origin- maxillary bone and mandible

• Insertion- lips

• Action- compresses and purses the lips

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Depressor anguli oris:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Frowning

• Origin- anterolateral surface of the mandibular body

• Insertion- skin at the angle of the mouth

• Action- depresses the corner of the mouth

FACIAL EXPRESSION-MOUTH

Zygomaticus major and minor:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Smiling

• Origin- zygomatic bone

• Insertion

• Major- angle of the mouth

• Minor- upper lip

• Action

• Major- retracts and elevates the corner of the mouth

• Minor- retracts and elevates the upper lip

FACIAL EXPRESSION-EYES

Orbicularis oculi:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Allows winking

• Origin- medial margin of the orbit

• Insertion- skin around the eyelids

• Action- closes the eye

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NOSE

Procerus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin- inferior portion of the nasal bones and lateral nasal cartilages

• Insertion- aponeurosis at the bridge of the nose and skin of the forehead

• Action- moves the nose, changes position and shape

of the nostrils

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NOSE

Nasalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Inferior to the procerus

• Origin- maxillary bone and alar cartilage of the nose

• Insertion- bridge of the nose

• Action- compresses the bridge, depresses the tip of the nose, elevates the corner of the nostrils

FACIAL EXPRESSION-EAR

Temporoparietalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion? 

Action?

• Over the temporalis

• Origin- fascia around the external ear

• Insertion- epicranial aponeurosis (collagenous sheet on the top of the cranium)

• Action- tenses scalp, moves auricle of the ear

FACIAL EXPRESSION-SCALP

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly and occipital belly):

Origin?

Insertion? 

Action?

• Origin

• Frontal- epicranial aponeurosis

• Occipital- superior nuchal line, mastoid portion of the temporal bone

• Insertion

• Frontal- skin of the eyebrow and bridge of the nose

• Occipital- epicranial aponeurosis

• Action

• Frontal- raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

• Occipital- tenses and retracts the scalp

FACIAL EXPRESSION-NECK

Platysma:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Sheet-like

• Smooths the neck and throat and opens the jaw against tension

• Antagonist to the temporalis and masseter

• Origin- fascia of the superior thorax between the cartilage of the second rib and the acromion of the scapula

• Insertion- mandible and skin of the cheek

• Action- tenses skin of the neck, depresses the mandible, draws the outer part of the lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting.

Where does oculomoter or ectrinsic eye muscles originate in the surface of the ordit  and where does it inserted? 

It also controls what?

On the outer suface of the sclera (white of the eye)

It also controls the position of each eye.

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Superior rectus?

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Inferior rectus?

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Medial rectus?

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Lateral retus?

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Superior Oblique?

EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES

Inferior oblique?

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

What does the muscles of the mastication control?

• Move the jaw at the temporomandibular joint

• Innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal)

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Masseter:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Strongest muscle of mastication

• Origin- zygomatic arch

• Insertion- lateral surface of the mandibular ramus

• Action- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Temporalis:

What is it?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Under the temporoparietalis (ear muscle)

• Origin- along the temporal lines of the skull

• Insertion- coronoid process of the mandible

• Action- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Pterygoids (medial and lateral):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin- pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

• Insertion

• Medial- medial surface of the mandibular ramus

• Lateral- anterior part of the neck of the mandibular

condyle

• Action

• Medial- elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, moves the mandible from side to side

• Lateral- opens the jaw, protrudes the mandible, moves the mandible from side to side

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

What does the Muscle of the Tongue do?

• Innervated by cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)

• Extrinsic muscles of the tongue are used in various

combinations to move the tongue in delicate and complex

patterns necessary for speech

• Also help manipulate food within the mouth

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

Genioglossus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin- medial surface of the mandible around the chin

• Insertion- body of the tongue and the hyoid bone

• Action- depresses and protracts the tongue

MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE

Styloglossus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin- styloid process of the temporal bone

• Insertion- along the side to the tip and base of the tongue

• Action- retracts tongue, elevates sides

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

What does the muscle of the pharynx do?

• Paired muscles important in the initiation of swallowing

• Innervated by the 9th (glosopharyngeal) and 10th (vagus) cranial nerves

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

What type are the types of Muscle of the Pharynx?

• Pharyngeal constrictors

• Laryngeal elevators

• Palatal muscles

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

Pharyngeal constrictors?

• Pharyngeal constrictors

• Begin the process of moving food into the esophagus

• Outer, circular group of muscles

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

Laryngeal elevators?

• Laryngeal elevators

• Cause the epiglottis to close over the glottis to seal the

respiratory passageways

• Inner, longitudinal muscles

MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX

 Palatal muscles?

• Palatal muscles

• Elevate the soft palate and pull open the entrance to the auditory tube

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

WHat does it control?

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

Digastric (anterior and posterior belly):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin

• Anterior- from the inferior surface of the mandible at the

chin

• Posterior- from the mastoid region of the temporal bone

• Insertion- hyoid bone

• Action- opens the mouth by depressing the mandible and elevates the larynx.

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK

Sternocleidomastoid (clavicular and sternal head):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

• Origin

• Clavicular head- attaches to the sternal end of the clavicle

• Sternal head- attaches to the manubrium

• Insertion- mastoid region of the skull

• Action

• Together- flex the neck

• Alone- one side bends the neck toward the shoulder and turns the face to the opposite side