Term
| (T/F) Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS innervate most of the same organs, and usually cause synergistic effects |
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Definition
| False, they usually cause antagonistic effects |
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Term
| (T/F) Each branch of the ANS is tonically active |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the sympathetic most active? |
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Definition
| Exercise, excitement and/or emergencies |
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Term
| When is the parasympathetic most active? |
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Definition
| "Rest and digest" - conserves energy |
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Term
| (T/F) The ENS is much more simple than the other postganglionic PNS networks |
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Definition
| False, it is much more complex |
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Term
| When achieving a desired effect via the SNS/PNS, can the desired effect only be produced by activating a system, or can it be induced by inhibiting the system causing the effect? |
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Definition
| Usually a balance of both is used to alter the desired effect |
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Term
| Were are the preganglionic cell bodies of the SNS located? |
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Definition
| Thoracolumbar spinal chord |
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Term
| Were are the preganglionic cell bodies of the PNS located? |
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Definition
| In the brain stem and sacral spinal chord |
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Term
| Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the SNS located? |
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Definition
| In ganglia outside the organs innervated |
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Term
| Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the PNS located? |
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Definition
| In ganglia with the organs that are innervated |
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Term
| Which system has longer postganglionic axons, the SNS or PNS? |
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Definition
| SNS, since the pre-post synapse is not in the organ it is acting on |
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Term
| What is the pre-synaptic NT of the SNS? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pre-synaptic NT of the PNS? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the post-synaptic NT of the SNS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the post-synaptic NT of the PNS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the neurotransmiter of the somatic nervous system? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the NT released by the SNS that acts on the renal vascular smooth muscle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe cholinergic neurotransmission? |
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Definition
| Choline transported into the nerve by CHT. Ach is made by ChAT from AcCoA and Choline. Once it is synthesized, it is packaged into vesicles by vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Once the vesicles are packed with NT, they are ready to be released. |
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Term
| What does having multiple steps during neurotransmission of Ach mean? |
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Definition
| That regulation can be effected at many different regulatory points in the process |
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Term
| Describe noradrenergic neurotransmission? |
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Definition
| Tyrosine brought into sell with sodium cotransport. Series of enzymatic reactions leads to dopamine. VMAT then transports dopamine into vesicles. In the vesicles, NE is created from dopamine. Exocytosis of the vesicles occurs in the same way as cholergenic neurons. |
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Term
| (T/F) Like cholinergic transmission, there are many steps to secretion and therefore regulation can occur at many different points |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine during adrenotransmission? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What causes NT release during cholinergic transmission? |
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Definition
| Generally, they are released by excitation of nerve terminals. Calcium channels open, influx of calcium triggers binding of pre-syn vesicle to the pre-syn membrane, then release of NT. |
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Term
| What causes NT release during adrenergic transmission? |
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Definition
| Same method as with cholinergic |
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Term
| What is the function of Ach, with regards to smooth muscle and ENS secretory cells? |
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Definition
| Primary NT at ANS ganglia. Excitation transmitter for smooth muscles and secretory cells in the ENS |
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Term
| What is the function of ATP, with regards to nt? |
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Definition
| Acts as a transmitterc/cotransmitter at many ANS effector synapses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Vasoactive Intestinal peptide |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name the 7 cholinoceptors |
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Definition
1. Muscarinic 1-5
2. Nictinic Nn
3. Nicotinic Nm |
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Term
| How does M1 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- CNS neurons, sympathetic postgang neurons, some presyn sites
- PIP2 pathway |
|
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Term
| How does M2 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- Myocardium, smooth muscle, some presyn sites, CNS neurons
- Opens K+ channels and inhibits adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
| How does M3 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- Exocrine glands, vessels, CNS neurons
- Like M1 |
|
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Term
| How does M4 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- CNS neurons, possible vagal nerve endings
- Like M2 |
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Term
| How does M5 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- Vascular endothelium (especially cerebral vessels)
- Like M1 |
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Term
| How does Nn work, and where is it found? |
|
Definition
- Post gang neurons, some presyn cholinergic terminals
- Opens Na+/K+ channels -> depolarization |
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Term
| How does Nm work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- Skeletal muscle NT end plates
- Opens Na+/K+ channels -> depolarization |
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Term
| Name the 5 adrenoreceptors |
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Definition
1. Aplha 1 and 2
2. Beta 1-3 |
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Term
| How does alpha1 work, and where is it found? |
|
Definition
- Postynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle
- PIP2 pathway |
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Term
| How does alpha2 work, and where is it found? |
|
Definition
- Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelts, lipocytes, smooth muscle
- Inhibits adenylyl cyclase, decreasing cAMP |
|
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Term
| How does beta1 work, and where is it found? |
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Definition
- Postsynaptic effector cells, especially heart, lypocytes, brain
- Presynaptic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals
- Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP |
|
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Term
| How does beta2 work, and where is it found? |
|
Definition
- Postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
- Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP |
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Term
| How does beta3 work, and where is it found? |
|
Definition
- Postsynaptic effector cells
- Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP |
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