Term
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Definition
| modulate function of the organ systems of the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| visceral afferents participate in what |
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Definition
| local reflexes and project to higher centers |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine secretion |
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Term
| the ANS is known as what kind of pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the preganglionic cell body found? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the post ganglionic cell bodies found |
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Definition
| in the peripheral ganglion |
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Term
| two parts of autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
| fright, flight, or fight system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are located where? |
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Definition
| intermediolateral cell column from T1-L2/L3 |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division, direct: origin |
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Definition
|
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Term
| route of teh sympathetic division: direct: from the lateral horn where does the neuron go |
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Definition
| T1-L2 spinal nerves, white and gray rami |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the T1-L2 spinal nerves where does the information continue |
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Definition
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the white ramus communicnas the information continues to where |
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Definition
| synapses on the sympathetic trunk ganglion |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the sympathetic trunk ganlgion where does information continue |
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Definition
|
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: direct: from the gray rami communicans where does information go |
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Definition
| post ganglionic fiber of t1-l2 containing white and gray rami |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: from the spinal nerve to the white ramus communicans where does the information go next |
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Definition
|
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: after ascending the sympathetic trunk where does the information go |
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Definition
| synpases on teh sympathetic trunk ganglion |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: after synapsing on the gray ramus communcians where does information go next |
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Definition
| post-ganglionic fiber which contains only gray rami |
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Term
| route of the sympathetic division: ascending/descending: to head: after ascending the sympathetic trunk where does information go |
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Definition
| synapses on the superior cervical ganglion |
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Term
| what do preganglionic fibers secrete |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what do postganglioninc neurons secrete |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how does the sympathetic division innervate teh head |
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Definition
| superior cervical ganglia via carotid plexus |
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Term
| how does the sympathetic division innervate the thorax |
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Definition
| cardiac and pulmonary plexus |
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Term
| ganglia that innervate the abdomen and pelvic viscera |
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Definition
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Term
| what are teh prevertebral collateral ganglia (3) |
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Definition
| celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, inferior mesenteric ganglia |
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Term
| what bodily structure is innervated directly by preganglionic sympathetic neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| the adrenal medulla secretes what |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| describe the effects of teh sympathetic division |
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Definition
| widespread and long lasting, systemic |
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Term
| describe teh size of preganglionics in the sympathetic division |
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Definition
|
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Term
| describe the relationship between preganglionics and post ganglionics in the sympathetic division |
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Definition
| pre- synapse with many post, resulting in divergence of impulse |
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Term
| adrenal medulla ________ sympathetic effects |
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Definition
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Term
| norepinephrine deactivates _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the parasympathetic division flows from where to where |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where are the preganglionics of teh parasympathetic division located |
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Definition
| CN III, VII, IX, X and splachnic nerve |
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Term
| preganglionics of the parasympathetic division supply what (6) |
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Definition
| head, thorax, upper abdomen, descending colon, lower gi tract, urogential system |
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Term
| preganglionics of the parasympathetic division secrete what |
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Definition
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Term
| postganglionics of the parasympathetic division secrete what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| there are autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic division located where |
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Definition
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Term
| there are terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic division located wehre |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is there no parasympathetic innervation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| effects of the parasympathetic division (2) |
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Definition
| local and temporally discrete |
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Term
| preganglionics of the parasympathetic division are ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| preganglionics of the parasympathetic division synapse where |
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Definition
|
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Term
| parasympathetic division: with preganglionics being long and synapsing in wall of target organ, what is the result? |
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Definition
| little divergence of impulse |
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Term
| acetylcholine is quickly removed by what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| some consider this the 3rd division of the ANS |
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Definition
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Term
| portion of the ANS innervating the GI Tract |
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Definition
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Term
| the enteric nervous system is located where |
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Definition
| within the substance of the GI tract |
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Term
| what are the 2 plexuses of the enteric nervous system |
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Definition
| myenteric plexus of Auerbach, submucusoal plexus of meissner |
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Term
| the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system are located where |
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Definition
| within teh wall of the GI tract |
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Term
| parasympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to waht (3) |
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Definition
| increased peristalsis, vasodilation, increased secretion by GI glands |
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Term
| parasympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to waht, simply |
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Definition
| aid in the digestion of food and its passage through the GI tract |
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Term
| sympathetic stimulation of the enteric nervous system leads to what (3) |
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Definition
| vasoconstriction, inhibition of peristalsis, contraction of the involuntary GI sphincters |
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Term
| what are the cell bodies of visceral afferents |
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Definition
| DRG or sensory ganglia of CN VII, IX, X |
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Term
| visceral afferent fibers travel how in what? |
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Definition
| retrograde in parasympathetics or sympathetics |
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Term
| visceral afferents terminate where |
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Definition
| dorsal horn with somatic afferents or in solitary nucelus of brainstem |
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Term
| does visceral afferent information reach consciousness |
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Definition
|
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Term
| visceral afferent information contributes to what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| two types of general viseral information |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferent information travels with what |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents have the largest input with what |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP comes from what two physiologic structures |
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Definition
| carotid body, aortic sinus |
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP from carotid body travels via what CN |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: info on BP from aortic sinus travels through what CN |
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Definition
|
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension information is detected by what structures |
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Definition
| carotid body, aortic sinus |
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension from the carotid body is carried by what CN |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: O2 tension information from the aortic sinus is carried by what CN |
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Definition
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Term
| physiologic visceral afferents: fullness of hollow organs is carried by what NN |
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Definition
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Term
| under resting conditions almost all systemic arterioles are constricted to about 1/2 their maximal diamater by ongoing _____ ______ activity |
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Definition
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Term
| a decrease in sympathetic tonic activity on systemic arterioles results in what |
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Definition
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Term
| an increase in sympathetic tonic activity on systemic arterioles results in what |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone results from continuous firing of neurons in the... |
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Definition
| rostral ventrolateral medulla |
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Term
| neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla innervate what |
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Definition
| sympathetic vasoconstrictor preganglionic neurons |
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Term
| pressure sensitive neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| activation of pressure-sensitive neurons that innervate the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via what CN |
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Definition
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Term
| activation of pressure-sensitive neurons that innervate the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via CN IX and CN X to what? |
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Definition
| nucleus of teh solitary tract |
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Term
| the aortic arch and carotid sinus signal an increase in BP via CN IX and X to the nucleus of the solitary tract which in turn does what? |
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Definition
| excites interneurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla |
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Term
| When the interneurons of the caudal ventrolateral medulla are excited by the solitary tract, what happens next? |
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Definition
| inhibition of tonic vasomotor neurons, excitation of vagal neurons |
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Term
| inhibition of tonic vasomotor neurons and excitation of vagal neurons results in what |
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Definition
| fall in both BP and heart rate |
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Term
| sympathetic control of bladder starts from where |
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Definition
| intermediolateral nucleus between T11-L2 |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: information leaves the intermediolateral nucleus and goes where |
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Definition
| inferior mesenteric ganglion |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: inferior mesenteric ganglion sends what type of information to the internal urethral sphincter |
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Definition
| excitatory, encourages continued constriction |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: inferior mesenteric ganglion sends information through what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: the inferior mesenteric ganglion sends what type of informatio to the bladder itself |
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Definition
| inhibitory, prevents it from filling |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: parasympathetic information originates from where |
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Definition
| sacral parasympathetic nucleus, somatic motor nucleus |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: information travels from the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and somatic motor nucelus via what? |
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Definition
| pelvic splanchnic nerve, pudendal nerve |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: information from the pudendal nerve does what |
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Definition
| excites external urethral sphincter, encourages opening |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: information from the pelvic splanchnic nerve encourages what |
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Definition
| excitation of the urinary bladder, encourages smooth muscle contraction and promotes emptying |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: when are the neurons quiet |
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Definition
| when the bladder begins to fill |
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Term
| parasympathetic bladder control: when are the neurons activated |
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Definition
| reflexively by visceral afferents when the bladder is distended |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: the sympathetic division is activated by what |
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Definition
| low-frequency firing in sensory afferents |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: the sympathetic division is activated by low-frequency firing sesory afferents that respond to what |
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Definition
| tension in the bladder wall |
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Term
| sympathetic bladder control: excitation of sympathetic neurosn results in what? |
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Definition
| inhibition of parasympathetic neurons |
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|
Term
| during bladder filling what is the role of the sympathetic division |
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Definition
| relxation of the bladder wall directly while maintaing closure of the internal sphincter |
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Term
| what is the role of somatic motor neurons during bladder filling |
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Definition
| innervate the external sphincter causing it to contract |
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Term
| somatic motor neurons are stimulated by what |
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Definition
| afferents that are activated when the bladder is partially full |
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Term
| as the bladder fills, sensory afferents relay information to what? |
|
Definition
| pons (barrington's nucleus) |
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Term
| barrington's nucleus of the pons also recieves information from where |
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Definition
| descending input from the forebrain concerning behavioral cues for emptying the bladder |
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Term
| descending pathways from Barrington's nucleus cause coordinated inhibition of what systems? resulting in what? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic and somatic systems, relaxing both sphincters |
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Term
| the onset of urinary flow through the urethra causes reflex contraction of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the onset of urinary flow through the urethra causes reflex contraction of the bladder that is under which systemic control? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| pain of the visceral afferents is derived from what (4) |
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Definition
| overdistension of viscera, irritation, disease, damage |
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Term
| what structures do not have pain receptors (2) |
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Definition
| brain, parenchyma of viscera |
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Term
| pain of viscera is due to effects of what or structures? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| pain of viscera is due to effects on arteries in what 4 structures |
|
Definition
| meninges, peritoneum, pleura, organ capsules |
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|
Term
| pain fibers travel with what system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| visceral pain travel with sympathetics and centrally merge with system for somatic pain in what 2 zones |
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Definition
| spinothalamic tract, thalamus |
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|
Term
| visceral pain can present itself as how |
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Definition
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