Term
| What is the ANS also known as? |
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Definition
| Involuntary nervous system |
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Term
| What are the two major divisions of the ANS? |
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Definition
1. Sypathetic
2. Parasympathetic |
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Term
| What does the ANS target? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
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Term
| What is the structure of the ANS? |
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Definition
| Two neuron chain; pregangloinic neuron and postganglionic neuron |
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Term
| Where are the pregangloinic cell bodies located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the postganglionic cell bodies located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the postganglionic neurons synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways act? |
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Definition
| Dynamically, often opposing each other? |
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Term
| What is the exception to the general action of the ANS? |
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Definition
| Blood vessels; only under sympathetic control |
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Term
| What is the general job of the sympathetic branch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the sympathetic division originate? |
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Definition
| T1 - L2, from their respective cell bodies |
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Term
| What is another name for the sympathetic division? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The sympathetic division is widely distributed to many parts of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Symp division is generally involved in situations where energy needs to be (stored/expelled) |
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Definition
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Term
| The general job of the parasymp division is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the parasymp division originate? |
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Definition
| Brain stem and S2, S3, S4 |
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Term
| What is another name for the parasymp division? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The parasymp div is also widely distributed |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasymp is generally involved in (reducing/increasing) energy stores |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) the parasymp effects are more restricted and localized |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the steps the symp division takes getting to the ganglia |
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Definition
1. Originates from lateral horn of T1-L2
2. Leaves via ventral root
3. Passes through spinal nerve
4. Passes through white ramus
5. Reaches ganglia |
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Term
| How are most of the symp ganglia organized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for ganglia in the symp trunk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 pathways the pregang neuron can take at the gangla |
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Definition
1. Synapse and pass through grey ramus, onto spinal nerve then onto target
2. Pass through sympathetic trunk and synapse at collateral ganglia
3.Pregang neurons travel up/down symp trunk and synapse at another paravertebral ganglia |
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Term
| What is another name for the collateral ganglia? |
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Definition
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Term
| The white ramus is also known as the ____ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The grey ramus is also known as the ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is route two (with collateral ganglia) associated with? |
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Definition
| Abdominal and pelvic viscera, and the 3 blood vessels that are the main supply to abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
| Where does traveling up the trunk usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does traveling straight through the ganglia occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does traveling straight down occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the exception to the two-neuron structure of the ANS? |
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Definition
| The innervation of the medulla |
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Term
| What are the 3 main collateral ganglia of the symp division called? |
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Definition
1. Ciliac
2. Superior mesentric
3. Ingerior mesentric |
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Term
| What are the three main prevertebral ganglia embedded in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the paraysymp pathways leave the CNS? |
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Definition
| CN III, VII, IX X and S2, S3, S4 |
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Term
| (T/F)The preganglionic ganglia are very long |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The postganglionic ganglia are also very long? |
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Definition
| False; they are very short, or in the target structure |
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Term
| Where does the parasymp division have its ganglia? |
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Definition
| Near or on the target site |
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Term
| What do nerves CN III, VII, IX, supply? |
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Definition
| The head (Will know the details already) |
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Term
| What does the nerve X supply? |
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Definition
| Thorax to descending colon |
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Term
| What do the nerves S2,3,4 supply? |
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Definition
| Terminal gut, pelvic viscera (bladder and reproductive organs) |
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Term
| What is a requirement to have an effernt message going out? |
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Definition
| An afferent message must come in |
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Term
| (T/F) the afferent neuron wants to take the most efficient way back to the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the afferent pathway achieve the shortest pathway? |
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Definition
| Blood vessel to symp trunk to white ramus to spinal nerve into spinal chord then up to the higher CNS for integration |
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Term
| Are the afferent axons myelinated as well? If yes, how do you know? |
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Definition
| Yes; they pass through the white ramus, which only contains myelinated axons |
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Term
| What do the pregang neurons release at the ganglia in the symp division? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the pregang neurons release at the ganglia in the parasymp division? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the postgang neurons release at the ganglia in the symp division? |
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Definition
| Noepinephrine/epinephrine (noadrenaline/adrenaline) |
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Term
| What do the postgang neurons release at the ganglia in the parasymp division? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The postgang neurons in the symp division can synapse with many organs |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The postgang neurons in the parasymp division can synapse with many organs |
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Definition
| False, because they use Ach |
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Term
| What do the ciliac ganglia innervate? |
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Definition
| Most of the visceral organs in the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
| What do the superior mesentric ganglia innervate? |
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Definition
| Small and portions of lrg intestines |
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Term
| What does the inferior mesentric ganglia innervate? |
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Definition
| Kidney, bladder, sex organs, terminal lrg intestine |
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Term
| (T/F) the hypothalamus is the ANS headquarters |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) there is high divergence with the symp pathway, and if true, what is the ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) there is a high divergence of the parasymp pathway, and what is the ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| The postgang neurons of the symp pathway are (unmyelinated/myelinated) |
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Definition
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Term
| The postgang neurons of the parasymp pathway are (unmyelinated/myelinated) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ganglia of the parasymp division called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many suprarenal medullae are there? |
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Definition
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