Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac and Smooth Muscles and Glands |
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Term
| Somatic Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomic Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
ACh (sympathetic) NE (Parasympathetic) |
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Term
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Definition
(craniosacral) Resting and Digesting system Energy Conversation |
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Term
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Definition
(Thoracolumbar) Prepares for heightened activity All systems affected at one time. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathetic Functions |
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Definition
- Decrease Metabolic Rate
- Decreased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
- Increase secretion of saliva and digestive enzymes
- Increased motility and blood flow to GI Tract
- Stimulation of urination and defecation
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Term
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Definition
- Preganglionic fibers from cranial nerves and sacral regions of spinal cord
- Long preganglionic fibers
- All fibers release ACh
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Term
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Definition
- Heightened mental alertness
- Increased metabolic rate
- Reduced digestive urinary function
- Activation of energy reserves
- Increased respiratory rate and dilation of respiratory passageways
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Activation of sweat glands
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Term
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Definition
(thoracolumbar) - Short preganglionic fibers pass thru rami communicantes and
- synapse in ganglia OR
- ascend to descend and synapse OR
- it passes thru ganglia without synapsing
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Term
| Sympathetic Chain Ganglia |
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Definition
Lie on lateral sides of vertebral column Neurons originating here innervate body wall |
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Term
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Definition
Innervate abdominopelvic contents Preganglionic fibers pass through sympathetic chain Form Splanchic nerves that pass to collateral ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
Center of adrenal glands Cause release of neurotransmittters (Epi and Norepi) into circulation |
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Term
| Sympathetic Activation Changes |
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Definition
- Stimulation of reticular activating system
- Feeling of euphoria
- increased cardiovascular & respiratory center activities (pons and medulla)
- Elevation of muscle tone
- Mobilization of energy reserves
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Term
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Definition
- Alpha receptors
- NE stimulates more
- activates enzymes on inside of cell membrane
- Two Classes
- Alpha (1) receptors
- most common
- causes release of Calcium in cell
- Alpha (2)
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Term
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Definition
- Stimulated by Epinephrine & NorEpinephrine
- Generally increases cAMP levels in cells
- Found on skeletal muscles, lungs, heart and liver.
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Term
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Definition
- Increase in metabolic activity
- Increases heart rate
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibition/relaxation of smooth muscle of respiratory tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involve higher levels of CNS control. |
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Term
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Definition
Type of reflex
Bypass CNS Very simple motor responsewith Localized Effects (involve sensory neurons and interneurons whose cell bodies are located within autonomic ganglia) interneurons synapse on ganglionic neurons and the motor commands are then distributed by postganglionic fiber. |
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Term
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Definition
State of partial unconsciousness. Can be roused by stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
Type of Sleep Active Dreaming Accompanied by changes in blood presure and respiratory rate. EEG resembles that of an awake state. |
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Term
NREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement) |
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Definition
Type of Sleep Deep Sleep Entire body is relax Activity at the cerebral cortex is at a minimum. Heartrate, blood pressure, respiratory rate declines by 30 percent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternation between NREM and REM |
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Term
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Definition
Storage and retrieval for information Essential for learning and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Working Memory/Primary Memory Limited to 7 or 8 chunks of information. Information can be recalled immediately |
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Term
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Definition
Type of Memory Limitless capacity Last lifetime. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion from short term memory to long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Long Term memories that fade with time and may require considerabe effort to recall |
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Term
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Definition
| Long Term memories that are with you for a lifetime. |
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Term
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Definition
Specific bits of information (names, faces, dates, etc.) |
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Term
| Skill (procedural memory) |
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Definition
Learned Motor behaviors Memories become incorporated at the unconscious level Memories related to programmed behavior, such as eating, are stored in the brain stem. Complex skill memories involved the integration of motor patterns in the basal nuclei, cerebral cortex and cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
Awakening from sleep Sleep may be ended by any stimulus suffecient enough to activate reticular formation and RAS. |
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Term
Reticular Activation System (RAS) |
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Definition
Network extends from the medulla oblongta to the mesencephalon Stimulation of (---) produces a widespread activation of the cerebral cortex The greater the stimulation to the mesencephalic region of the RAS, the more alert and attentive the individual will be to incoming sensory information. |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of a Receptor Sensory Neuron Processing Center (one or more interneurons) 2 Visceral motor neurons (ALL POLYSYNAPTIC) EITHER LONG OR SHORT. |
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Term
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Definition
Type of ACh Receptor Postganglionic cell bodies Located on the surfaces of ganglionic cells of both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, also at neuromuscular juntions of Somatic NS. Exposure to ACh causes excitation by the opening of chemically gated channels. Excitation of muscle fibers or postganglionic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Type of ACh receptor located at neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions in parasympathetic Cholinergic junctions in SYMPATHETIC THEY ARE G PROTEINS. longer lasting effects than nicotinic receptors. (can be excitatory or inhibitory) |
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