Term
| What adrenergic receptor induces contraction of iris, radial m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor induces relaxation of ciliary mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts on the sa node to increase heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases contractility of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases velocity by acting on av node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases velocity by acting on purkinje fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases velocity, contractility, automaticity by acting on ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor constricts various arterioles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor dilates various arterioles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor constricts systemic vv? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor dilates systemic vv? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor relaxes tracheal and bronchial components of the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases activity of glands in the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases gland activity in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases motility of stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases sphincter tone in stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases motility of intestines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases sphincter tone in intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases secretions in intestines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor relaxes gallbladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases renin from kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases renin production in kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor relaxes detrusor m of bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor contracts bladder sphincter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor contracts prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor induces ejaculation in males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor contracts pilomotor skin mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor relaxes sweat (local) glands in skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases secretions from acini glands in pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor decreases b-cell secretion in pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases b-cell gland activity in pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor primarily acts to contract smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor primarily acts to relax smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor primarily acts on cardiac tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts mostly on sympathetic neurons, producing feedback inhibition of neurotransmitter release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where else are adrenergic receptors found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to contract vascular smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts as mydriasis, dilating pupils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to erect hair via pilomotor smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to contract prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases force of heart contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to aggregate platelets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to inhibit transmitter release via adrenergic and cholinergic nn terminals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to contract some vascular smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor acts to inhibit lipolysis in fat cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor increases force and rate of contraction in heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor promotes smooth mm relaxation via respiratory, uterine, and vascular smooth mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor promotes potassium uptake in skeletal mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor activates glycogenolysis in liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor dilates renal blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor occurs in fat cells and activates lipolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are d1 cells found? How does it act? |
|
Definition
| smooth mm. act to dilate *renal* blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Where are d2 (dopamine) receptors found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adrenergic receptor modulates neurotransmitter release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as *sympathomimetic* drugs? |
|
Definition
| adrenergic receptor agonists |
|
|
Term
| What drugs mimic effect of sns? |
|
Definition
| *sympathomimetic* drugs- adrenergic receptor agonists |
|
|
Term
What type of adrenergic receptors meet the following description: Bind to and activate adrenergic receptors
May be selective or non-selective for αand β
receptors
Catecholamines vs noncatecholamines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which adrenergic receptor agonists are not metabolized by MAO and COMT
and can be given orally and have longer duration of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which adrenergic receptor agonists
metabolized by monoamine oxidase
inhibitor (MAO) and catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of adrenergic receptor agonist
Increase concentration of norepinephrine at synapse
by several different mechanisms ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which adrenergic receptor agonist acts in Combination of direct-and indirect-action ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is epinephrine administered? To what class does it belong? |
|
Definition
| Catecholamine given IV or SC, non-selective (a and b) direct acting adrenergic agonist |
|
|
Term
| Which effect predominates when epinephrine is given in higher or lower doses? |
|
Definition
Low doses: βeffects predominate
High doses: α
effects predominate |
|
|
Term
What drug can be used for anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, topical
vasoconstriction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What adrenergic agonists has the following adrs: tremor, palpitations, headache,
arrhythmias? |
|
Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine in high doses |
|
|
Term
| How is norepinephrine administered? To what class does it belong? |
|
Definition
| iv, catecholamine, non-selective (a and b) direct acting adrenergic agonists |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity for norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which has greater peripheral vascular resistance: epinephrine or norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the indication for norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is isoproterenol administered? To what class does it belong? |
|
Definition
| iv, catecholamine- nonselective b1 *and* b2 direct acting adrenergic agonist |
|
|
Term
| To what class does dobutamine belong and how is it administered? |
|
Definition
Selective (β
1orβ2)
Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Selective β
1-agonist
Dobutamine
Catecholamine given IV |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity for isoproterenol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a
Potent vasodilator
Potent inotropic agent (increases force of
contraction)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adrs of isoproterenol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of dobutamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is used in acute heart failure –potent *inotropic* agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adrs of dobutamine? |
|
Definition
| hypertension and tachycardia |
|
|
Term
To what class do the following belong:
Albuterol, levalbuterol (Xopenex), salmeterol
(Serevent) ? |
|
Definition
Selective (β
1orβ2)
Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Selective β
2-adrenergic agonists |
|
|
Term
What drug is used for the following:
PO –bronchodilation for asthma (but more
systemic effects)
IV –relaxation of uterus in late pregnancy to delay
premature labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class does terbutaline belong? |
|
Definition
Selective (β
1orβ2)
Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Selective β
2-adrenergic agonists |
|
|
Term
| To what class do phenylephrine and oxymetazoline belong? |
|
Definition
Selective (α
1orα2)
DirectActing Adrenergic Agonists
Selective α
1-adrenergic agonists |
|
|
Term
What drug causes
Vasoconstriction with increased vascular
resistance and increased blood pressure ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is used for the following purposes:
IV –for hypotension and shock
PO –popular OTC decongestant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is a
Nasal decongestant
Causes rebound congestion (tachyphylaxis) if used for
more than several days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class do clonidine and alpha-methyldopa belong? |
|
Definition
Selective (α
1orα2)
DirectActing Adrenergic Agonists
Selective α
2-adrenergic agonists |
|
|
Term
What is
Centrally acting antihypertensive agent
Also used for attenuating substance withdrawal
symptoms
Given orally or as transdermal patch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a Centrally acting antihypertensive agent
Still useful during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class do the following belong: amphetamine and methamphetamine, and methylphenidate (ritalin)? |
|
Definition
| Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
What drugs
Stimulate release of norepinephrine and dopamine
from presynaptic vesicles? |
|
Definition
| amphetamine and methamphetamine |
|
|
Term
| Are amphetamine and methamphetamine aq or lipid soluble? |
|
Definition
Very lipid soluble and easily enter CNS |
|
|
Term
What drug has
Stimulant effects on mood and alertness and an
appetite depressant? |
|
Definition
| amphetamine and methamphetamine |
|
|
Term
| How do amphetamine and methamphetamine act? |
|
Definition
| Amphetamine derivative with similar action |
|
|
Term
What drug
Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine ,
dopamine , and serotonin (similar in action to
antidepressants)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is
Peripherally vasocontrictive and a cardiac
stimulant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug has
Effects similar to amphetamine but shorter
acting and more intense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug
Also has local anesthetic effects (used in
ocular surgery)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what drug class does cocaine belong? |
|
Definition
| indirect acting adrenergic agonist |
|
|
Term
What compound is Naturally occurring amine found in fermented
products such as cheese and sausage as well
as red wine, beer, bananas, avocados,
canned meats, sardines, and yeast
supplements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Board ?: What is the adr associated w/tyramine? |
|
Definition
Levels can increase if foods taken with MAO
inhibiting drugs (used for depression) |
|
|
Term
What compound
Increases norepinephrine release and can
cause hypertensive crisis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class does dopamine belong and how is it administered? |
|
Definition
Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists
Dopamine
Catecholamine given IV |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of dopamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptors are activated in low, medium, and high doses of dopamine? |
|
Definition
Low doses: D receptor activation increases renal
blood flow
Medium dose: D + β
1receptors activated
High doses: D + β
+ αreceptors activated |
|
|
Term
What drug has
Dose related activation of D, β
1, and α1
receptors as well as release of norepinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class do ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (sudafed) belong? |
|
Definition
| Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
What is a
Natural product found in ma-huang? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is ephedrine absorbed and how long does it act? |
|
Definition
Well absorbed and long acting |
|
|
Term
| In high doses, what is ephedrine similar to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you get ephedrine-containing dietary supplements? |
|
Definition
As of August, 2006 the sale of ephedrine-containing dietary
supplementsis prohibited in the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| What drug is a stereoisomer of ephedrine? |
|
Definition
| pseudoephedrine (sudafed) |
|
|
Term
What is a Popular OTC decongestant but distribution now restricted
because it is primary ingredient for illegal methamphetamine
manufacture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do most OTC brands with “PE” on label now contain? |
|
Definition
| Most OTC brands with “PE” on label now contain phenyephrine |
|
|
Term
| What pts should avoid pseudoephedrine (sudafed)? |
|
Definition
| Should avoid in patients with hypertension or cardiomyopathies |
|
|
Term
| To what class does phenoxybenzamine belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does phenoxybenzamine bind reversibly or irreversibly? |
|
Definition
| Irreversiblereceptor blockade –lasts 4 days |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of phenoxybenzamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is used for catecholamine excess, such as for
pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adrs of phenoxybenzamine and phenoxybenzamine? |
|
Definition
Adverse effects: postural hypotension and reflex
tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| To what class does phentolamine belong? |
|
Definition
Nonselective α-Blockers
Phentolamine
Competitive antagonist |
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of phentolamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What has the following uses: Pheochromocytoma
Reversal of ischemia from extravasation or injection of
adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To what class do the following belong: Prazosin
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug has the following uses: Relax vascular smooth muscle
Relax smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug has the following uses: 3rdline agents for hypertension because increased morbidity
compared to other antihypertensive agents
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug has the following adrs:
1st dose syncope (must use small doses and have patient lie down)
Reflex tachycardia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class does tamsulosin (flomax) belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is a
Specific antagonist of α
1A receptor in prostate gland
Causes less vasodilation than other α
1-blockers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does tamsulosin cause more or less vasodilation than other alpha1-blockers? |
|
Definition
Causes less vasodilation than other α
1-blockers |
|
|
Term
What is
Indicated for decreasing urinary obstruction from BPH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of tamsulosin (flomax) on bp? |
|
Definition
| Little effect on blood pressure at normal doses |
|
|
Term
| What is the prototypic agent of nonselected beta-blockers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class does propranolol (inderal) belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the receptor affinity of
Propranolol (Inderal)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug has the highest lipid solubility- more penetration in cns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the 1st pass effect for
Propranolol (Inderal)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug has
Negative inotropic (cardiac contractility) and
chronotropic (heart rate) effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which should you use for pts w/ copd: porpranolol (inderal) or metoprolol (lopressor, toprol xl)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be used for hypertension, arrhythmias, angina, migraine headache, essential tremor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adrs/cautions of propranolol (inderal)? |
|
Definition
Adverse effects/cautions: bradycardia, insomnia,
heart failure, asthma, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Which has more adrs: nadolol (corgard) or propranolol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class do nadolol (corgard), timolol, and pindolol belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is nadolol (corgard) excreted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does nadolol (corgard) have a long or short t1/2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary use of timiolol? |
|
Definition
| topical agent for glaucoma |
|
|
Term
What drug is
Also partial agonist of β
1and β2 receptors
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity –causes less
bradycardia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prototypical selective β1 blocker agent? |
|
Definition
| metoprolol (lopressor, toprol xl) |
|
|
Term
To what class does
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the receptor affinity of Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is known as
Known as cardioselectiveβ-blockers? |
|
Definition
| Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)- Selectivity is lost with higher doses! |
|
|
Term
| With what drug is Selectivity is lost with higher doses? |
|
Definition
| Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) |
|
|
Term
What drug is Primarily used for hypertension (higher doses), heart
failure (lower doses), and angina? |
|
Definition
| Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL |
|
|
Term
What drug is Safer for asthma and diabetes than nonselective β-
blockers but still must use caution? |
|
Definition
| Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) |
|
|
Term
| What is the lipophilicity of atenolol (tenormin)? |
|
Definition
| Low lipophilicity -less CNS adverse effects than propranolol |
|
|
Term
| How is atenolol (tenormin) excreted and what is its t1/2? |
|
Definition
Renal excretion
Long T 1⁄2 |
|
|
Term
| To what class do the following belong: atenolol (tenormin), bisprolol (zebeta), esmolol, and acebutolol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the lipophilicity of bisoprolol (zebeta)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What selective b1-blockr is iv only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is a Partial agonist of β
1 receptor
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what class do labetalol and carvediol (coreg) belong? |
|
Definition
| α-and β-Adrenergic Antagonists |
|
|
Term
| What is teh receptor affinity of Labetalol and carvedilol (Coreg)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What has More pronounced vasodilation than other β-
blockers due to α
1blockade? |
|
Definition
| Labetalol and carvedilol (Coreg) |
|
|
Term
| Labetalol and carvedilol (Coreg) have the same cautions as what other class? |
|
Definition
Same cautions as nonselective β-blockers |
|
|
Term
| For what is labetalol (iv, po) useful? |
|
Definition
useful for rapid reduction of
blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| For what is carvedilol primarily used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 things should be considered when choosing β-Blockers? |
|
Definition
Receptor selectivity
If using selective agent, selectivity tends to be
lost at higher doses
Lipid solubility
If too high, can have CNS adverse effects
Half-life
Determines doses per day
Elimination route (renal vs liver) |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs that are reversible cholinesterase inhibitors for alzheimer's |
|
Definition
| donepezil (aricept)-1/day. galantamine (rizatidine). rivastigmine (exelon). |
|
|
