Term
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Definition
1943-Johns Hopkins University
-studied 11 institutionalized individuals with similar behavioral characteristics:
-profound lack of affect or emotional contact with others
-intense wish for sameness in routines
-muteness or abnormality of speech
-fascination with manipulating objects
-high levels of visuo-spatial skills, but major learning difficulties in other areas
-attractive, alert, and intelligent appearance |
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Term
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Definition
1944-Austrian Psychiatrist/Physician
-Autism-A pattern that included a "lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversations, intense absorption in a special interest, and clumsy movements."
-called children with AS "little professors" because of their ability to talk about their favorite subject in great detail |
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Term
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Definition
UCLA, 1970's
-disproved Bruno Bettlheim's idea that autism is undifferentiated from mental retardation.
-autism is a behavioral syndrome |
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Term
| Primary and differentiating autistic characteristic |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurobiological research base for autism |
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Definition
Yale Child Study Center
-Face perception abnormality study
-visual perception problems |
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Term
| Genetic research base for autism |
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Definition
Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory: Discovered deletion of 27-gene cluster on chromosome 16 (using mouse models)
Prenatal associations: fragile X, Cornelia de Lang, Angelman's, Tuberous Sclerosis, Rubella
Postnatal Associations-Phynylketonuria, Herpes Simplex Encephalitis |
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Term
| Current medical research conclusions (abnormalities in autism) |
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Definition
-abnormalities in amygdala and hippocampus
-abnormalities in brain stem
-epilepsy |
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Term
| Autism Historical Prevalence |
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Definition
1970- 1/10,000
1980- 1/1,000
1990- 1/166
2000- 1/110
-more boys than girls |
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Term
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Definition
Communication
-echolalic
-communicative intent
-pragmatics (knowing what to say and when)
Social/Emotional
-flat affect
-concrete play skills
-distorted self-awareness
Unusual Behavior Patterns
-restricted
-fixed/reptitive
-ritualistic
-obsessive
-compulsive |
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Term
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Definition
-anxiety
-rigidity
-inattention
-poor generalization
-rude-appearing or odd
-restricted interests |
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Term
| 3 Disorders of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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Definition
-Classical Autism
-Asperger's Syndrome
-PDD-NOS (pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified) |
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Term
| Autism Diagnosis Criteria |
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Definition
| Six or more items from (1), (2), or (3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3) |
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Term
| Difference between Asperger's and Autism |
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Definition
In Aspergers:
-there is no clinically significant general delay in language (e.g. single words used by age 2 years, communicative phrases used by age 3 years)
-There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or in the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior, and curiosity about the environment in childhood |
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Term
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Definition
severe and pervasive impairment in the development of:
-reciprocal social language
-verbal/non-verbal communication
-stereotypic behavior
-does not meet specific diagnostic criteria for other disorders |
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Term
| Applied Behavior Analysis |
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Definition
| A science in which procedures are derived from the principles of behavior are systematically applied to change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree |
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Term
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Definition
-analytic
-applied
-conceptually systematic
-efficient
-generality
-behavioral
-technological |
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Term
| 6 ways in which ABA will help |
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Definition
1) teach new skills
2) maintain behaviors
3) increase behaviors
4) generalize or transfer behavior from one situation or response to another
5) restrict or narrow conditions under which interfering behaviors occur
6) reduce interfering behaviors |
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Term
| Picture Exchange Communication System |
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Definition
| relies on structural and instructional elements |
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Term
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Definition
UNC
-treats the whole child
-heavy emphasis on structure and visuals
-behavioral |
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Term
| Facilitated Communication |
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Definition
Crossley-Australia
Bilken-Syracuse
-intact intelligence
-assisted communication |
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Term
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Definition
1965-Millers
System forming disorders
system closing disorders
only one outcome study |
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Term
| Developmental Individual Difference Model |
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Definition
DID-Stanley Greenspan, MD
"floortime"
-child directed
-low stimulus environment
-motivation to relate to the world
-no peer reviews |
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Term
| Relationship Development Intervention |
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Definition
RDI-Dr. Steven Gutstein
-addresses core deficits of autism based on dynamic intelligence
-emphasis on quality of life
-specific and detailed
-1 peer review |
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