classical work in auditory sense

• sensitive to sounds between 40-800 Hz
• attracted to low frequency sounds- dieing fish
• attracted 35 grey reef sharks in 3 minutes
• sudden or loud stimuli may produces withdrawl or escape response

• ears located in otic capsule
• sound, gravity, and accleration
• otolith organs: sacculus, utriculus, lagena
• macula naglecta

• sit at right angles
• widen to form ampullae
• filled with endolymph
• andolymphatic ducts
• aids in balance and senses acceleration

• utriculus, sacculus, and lagena
• cupula mechanoreceptors contain otolith
• heavier than jelly, settles down in sensory hairs
• movements cause otoliths to move, trigger the hairs, sends signals to brain

• heightened auditory detector in elasmobranchs (100-600 Hz)
• cupula and mechanoreceptors
• senses pressures from top of the head and directly infront
• size is related to need to localize a sound source
• honing n on prey
• no otolith