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Auditing Vocabulary and GAAS
Auditing Vocabulary and GAAS
71
Accounting
Undergraduate 4
04/24/2007

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Term
Assurance Services
Definition
Independent professional services that improve the quality of information for decision makers.
Term
Attest
Definition
A service where a practitioner is engaged to issue a report on subject matter that is the responsibility of another party.
Term
Audit Evidence
Definition
All information used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based.
Term
Audit Risk
Definition
The risk that the auditor may unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on materially misstated financial statements.
Term
Auditing
Definition
A systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the correspondence betwee those assertions and certain established criteria, and communicating the results to users.
Term
Financial Statement Assertions
Definition
Express or implied representations made by management that are reflected in the financial statements.
Term
Fraud
Definition
Intentional misstatements: fraudulent reporting or misappropriation of assets.
Term
Information Asymmetry
Definition
The idea that a manager usually has more information about the entity than the absentee owner.
Term
Materiality
Definition
The magnitude of an omission or misstatement that would make it likely that the judgment of an informed user would be altered or affected.
Term
Misstatement
Definition
An instance in which a financial statement assertion is not in accordance with the criteria against which it is being audited: Fraud, Illegal Acts, or Errors.
Term
Reasonable Assurance
Definition
The concept that that an audit done in accordance with GAAS may fail to detect a material misstatement.
Term
Reporting
Definition
The end product of an auditor's work, that indicates the standards followed and expresses an opinion as to whether or not the financial statements are in accordance with the criteria.
Term
Risk of Material Misstatement
Definition
The risk that the financial statements will contain a material misstatement whether by error or fraud.
Term
Unqualified audit report
Definition
A clean audit report, that gives the auditor's opinion that the financial statements are presented fairly in accordance with GAAP.
Term
Audit committee
Definition
A subset of the board of directors that is charged with overseeing the entity's internal control, internal and external audits, and financial reporting. Independent of management.
Term
Board of directors
Definition
Persons elected by the stockholders to oversee management and direct the affairs of the corporation.
Term
Business Processes
Definition
Processes used by management to achieve objectives. Financing, Revenue, Purchasing, Inventory Management, Human Resources Management.
Term
Corporate Governance
Definition
The oversight mechanisms in place to help ensure the proper stewardship over an entity's assets.
Term
Ethics
Definition
A system or code of conduct for how a person should behave.
Term
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Definition
Issued by the FASB, overseen by the SEC. Principles for preparing financial statements in the US.
Term
Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
Definition
10 broad statements guiding the conduct of financial statement auditing.
Term
Illegal Acts
Definition
Violation of Laws or government regulations.
Term
Independence
Definition
Objectivity in fact and appearance. No Conflicts of interest.
Term
Integrated Audit
Definition
Audit of both internal control over financial reporting and of financial statements, provided by an external auditor. Required for public companies.
Term
Management Advisory Services
Definition
Consulting services that may provide advice and assistance for an entity.
Term
Public Accounting Firm
Definition
Organization created to provide professional accounting services.
Term
Standards of th PCAOB
Definition
Standards for financial auditing of public companies.
Term
Statements on Auditing Standards
Definition
Issued by the AICPA's Auditing Standards Board. Interpretations of the 10 GAAS.
Term
Analytical Procedures
Definition
Evaluations of financial info by studying plausible relationships between both financial and non-financial data.
Term
Analytical Procedures Risk
Definition
The risk that substantive analytical procedures will fail to detect material misstatements.
Term
Audit Procedures
Definition
Specific acts performed as the auditor gathers evidence.
Term
Business Risks
Definition
Risks from conditions, events, circumstances, and actions that could impede management from achieving its objectives.
Term
Closest Reasonable Estimate
Definition
A range or point estimate that is better than any other estimate.
Term
Control Risk
Definition
The risk that material misstatements that could occur will not be prevented or detected by internal controls.
Term
Detection Risk
Definition
The risk that the auditor will not detect a material misstatement.
Term
Engagement Risk
Definition
Risk of of exposure to loss or injury to practice from litigation, adverse publicity, or other events arising from an audit of a client.
Term
Errors
Definition
Unintentional misstatements or omissions.
Term
Expected misstatement
Definition
The amount of misstatement that the auditor believes exists in the population.
Term
Inherent Risk
Definition
The susceptibility of an assertion to material misstatement assuming no related controls.
Term
Professional Skepticism
Definition
An attitude of a questioning mind and a critical assessment of evidence. Don't assume one way or the other.
Term
Risk assessment
Definition
The ID, analysis, and management of risks associated with financial statements.
Term
Risk of material misstatement
Definition
Combination of inherent and control risk.
Term
Tests of details risk
Definition
The risk that tests of details will not detect material misstatements that were not already detected by tests of controls or substantive analytical procedures.
Term
Tolerable misstatement
Definition
The amount of planning materiality allocated to a specific account.
Term
Accounting Records
Definition
The records of initial entries and supporting records, such as checks, ledgers, invoices, etc. Including adjustments not reflected in formal journal entries.
Term
Audit Documentation (Working Papers)
Definition
The auditor's principal record of the work performed and the basis for the conclusions in the auditor's report. It also helps in the planning, performance, and review of the audit.
Term
Confirmation
Definition
The process of obtaining and evaluating direct communication from a third party regarding a particular assertion.
Term
Inquiry
Definition
Seeking financial and non-financial information from knowledgeable persons both inside and outside the company.
Term
Inspection of records and documents
Definition
Self-explanatory. Examination of internal or external records.
Term
Inspection of tangible assets
Definition
Physical examination of tangible assets.
Term
Observation
Definition
Watching a process or procedure peformed by others.
Term
Other information
Definition
Audit evidence including minutes of meetings, confirmations, etc.
Term
Recalculation
Definition
Determining the mathematical accuracy of documents or records.
Term
Relevance of evidence
Definition
Whether the evidence relates to the assertion in question.
Term
Reliability of evidence
Definition
Whether the type of evidence can be relied on to determine the validity of the assertion in question.
Term
Reperformance
Definition
The auditor's independent execution of procedures or controls that were originally performed by the client as part of internal control. Manual or CAAT
Term
Scanning
Definition
Reviewing accounting data to identify significant or unusual items.
Term
Audit strategy
Definition
The auditor's plan for the conduct, organization, and stafing of the audit.
Term
Dual-purpose tests
Definition
Tests that both evaluate the effectiveness of controls, and detect monetary errors (substantive tests).
Term
Engagement letter
Definition
A letter that formalizes the contract between the auditor and the client and gives the responsibilities of each.
Term
Substantive procedures
Definition
Audit procedures performed to test material misstatements in an account balance, transaction class, or disclosure component of the financial statements.
Term
Substantive tests of transactions
Definition
Tests to detect errors or fraud in individual transactions.
Term
Tests of controls
Definition
Audit procedure performed to test the operating effectiveness of controls in preventing or detecting material misstatements at the relevant assertion level.
Term
Tests of details of account balances and disclosures
Definition
Substantive tests that concentrate on the details of items contained in the account balance and disclosure.
Term
10 GAAS Standards
Definition
General
1. Independence in mental attitude (fact and appearance)
2. Adequate technical training and experience.
3. Due professional care in the audit and the preparation o the report.

Fieldwork
1. Obtain appropriate knowledge and info about the entity and its environment and it's internal control. To assess risk of MM and to design procedures.
2. Gather sufficient evidence to support conclusions by performing procedures.
3. Adequate planning and supervision of the audit.

Reporting
1. State whether or not the FS are in compliance with GAAP.
2. Identify any inconsistencies in application of GAAP, just in the current period or compared to previous periods.
3. Give an opinion or state that an opinion cannot be given. If an opinion is not given, tell why.
4. State if disclosures are inadequate.
Term
General GAAS Standards
Definition
General
1. Independence in mental attitude (fact and appearance)
2. Adequate technical training and experience.
3. Due professional care in the audit and the preparation o the report.
Term
Fieldwork Standards
Definition
Fieldwork
1. Obtain appropriate knowledge and info about the entity and its environment and it's internal control. To assess risk of MM and to design procedures.
2. Gather sufficient evidence to support conclusions by performing procedures.
3. Adequate planning and supervision of the audit.
Term
Reporting Standards
Definition
Reporting
1. State whether or not the FS are in compliance with GAAP.
2. Identify any inconsistencies in application of GAAP, just in the current period or compared to previous periods.
3. Give an opinion or state that an opinion cannot be given. If an opinion is not given, tell why.
4. State if disclosures are inadequate.
Term
Assertions about Transactions
Definition
Occurrence
Cutoff
Accuracy
Completeness
Classification
Authorization
Term
Assertions about Account Balances
Definition
Existence
Completeness
Valuation/Allocation
Rights and Obligations
Term
Assertions about Presentation and Disclosure
Definition
Occurrence and Rights and Obligations
Completeness
Classification and Understandability
Accuracy/Valuation
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