Term
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Definition
| total immitance of the ears which includes the combined effects of the outer and middle ears |
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Term
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Definition
| the ear converting acoustic energy into mechanical energy |
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Term
| types of mechanical immitance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| opposition offered by an object to the flow of energy (measured in ohms) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ease of flow of energy through an object (measured in mmhos) |
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Term
| more convenient to characterize the immitance of the ear in terms of: ______ |
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Definition
admittance
-how much is passing through (as opposed to how much isn't) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| measuring tympanometry doesn't give any information on ________ or ________ |
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Definition
audibility
hearing sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
-ear canal volume
-middle ear pressure
-middle ear (TM) mobility |
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Term
| how does tympanometry work? |
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Definition
-sound pressure is pumped into/ increased in the ear canal, making the TM stiff
-then the pressure is varied to measure the mobility |
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Term
| true or flase: whether you pump in negative or positive pressure, the TM stiffens |
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Definition
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Term
| the TM will move nicely when: |
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Definition
| the pressure pumped in is equal to the pressure behind the TM |
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Term
| total admittance equation |
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Definition
| total admittance = admittance of outer ear + admittance of middle ear |
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Term
| air bone gap assumption with regards to tympanograms... |
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Definition
| an abnormal tympanogram would signify a pathology in the outer or middle ear, meaning there would be an air bone gap |
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Term
| directions for tympanogram: |
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Definition
1-inspect ear canal first
2-proper instructions to patient
3-choose proper probe size and make seal
4-run test
5-interpretevaluate the results |
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Term
| directions for tympanogram: |
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Definition
1-inspect ear canal first
2-proper instructions to patient
3-choose proper probe size and make seal
4-run test
5-interpretevaluate the results |
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Term
| tympanogram patient instructions: |
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Definition
-you will feel some pressure, and hear a tone or a hum
-sit still
-no talking
-no chewing/swallowing |
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Term
| pathologies related to ear canal volume above normal limit |
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Definition
-TM perforation/hole
-mastoidosis |
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Term
| pathology if ear canal volume is too small |
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Definition
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Term
| pathologies related to flat line tympanogram |
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Definition
-no ear drum
-something (fluid) behind eardrum not allowing it to move
-the pressure is so abnormal is sucks the TM in |
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Term
| when does the peak show up on the tympanogram? |
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Definition
| when the pressure presented is similar/equal to the pressure in the middle ear |
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Term
| when the pressure presented is equal to the _____ ____ _____, then the TM is __________ ___________ |
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Definition
middle ear pressure
maximum mobility |
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Term
| when the pressure presented is equal to the _____ ____ _____, then the TM is __________ ___________ |
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Definition
middle ear pressure
maximum mobility |
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Term
| normal peak pressure (children and adults) |
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Definition
children: -150 --> 50 Pa
adults:-100 --> 50 Pa |
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Term
| norms for peak compensated static acoustic immitance (infant, child, adult) |
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Definition
infant: 0.25-->0.92 mmhos
child: 0.25-->1.55 mmhos
adult: 0.3-->1.7 mmhos |
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Term
| what to look for on tympanogram |
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Definition
1-find ear canal volume
2-identify where peak is (positive or negative)
3-peak compensated static acoustic immitance |
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Term
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Definition
peak is below normal limits
-TM too stiff/not compliant |
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Term
| types of tymps with reduced mobility |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| peak greater than normal limits, system is too loose |
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Term
| types of tymps for hypermoblity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-everything about normal
-peak within normal limit
-compliance is normal |
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Term
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Definition
-shallow or stiff
-has a SMALL peak
-normal ear canal volume
-peak comp LOW
-low mobility |
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Term
| pathologies associated with type As tymp |
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Definition
-otosclerosis
-tympanosclerosis
-middle ear fluid (glue ear)
-cholesteatoma |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more ossicles not moving |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
d=disarticulated or deep
-huge peak (too high)
-pressure is at normal limit
-too much mobility |
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Term
| pathologies associated with Ad tymp: |
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Definition
-disarticulated (too loose) ossicular chain
-nomeric membrane
-healed TM post-rupture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-flat
-means the eardrum isn't moving at all
*have to look at ear canal volume |
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Term
| most important info for type B tymp: |
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Definition
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Term
| type B w/ normal ear canal volume: |
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Definition
| something (fluid, cholesteatoma, fused ossicles) behind TM that's keeping it from moving |
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Term
| type B w/ large ear canal volume |
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Definition
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Term
| type B w/ ear canal volume too small |
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Definition
| -too much wax or skin blocking ear canal |
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Term
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Definition
-normal ear canal volume
-there is a peak but the peak is really negative (outside normal limit) |
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Term
| pathologies associated with type c tymp: |
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Definition
-ET dysfunction
-excessive middle ear pressure causing the TM to retract |
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Term
| true or false: if the typmanogram is normal, you should see an air bone gap |
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Definition
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Term
| tympanogram results for conductive HL |
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Definition
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Term
| tanogram results for sensorineural HL: |
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Definition
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Term
| tymp results for mixed HL: |
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Definition
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Term
| calibration for speech audiometry |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-SRT (speech recognition theshhold)
-SAT/SDT (speech awareness/detection threshold) |
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Term
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Definition
speech detection/awareness threshold
-lowest level at which the patient acknowledges they hear something |
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Term
| when is SAT/SDT most useful |
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Definition
-non native speakers
-people too young to identify speech
-too young to repeat speech |
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Term
| truw or false: the SAT/SDT should compare to pure tona average PTA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| take an average at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz |
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Term
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Definition
speech recognition (test or threshold?)
-lowest level at which the speech signal is recognized 50% of the time
-test each individually
-use spondee |
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Term
| both SRT and SDT use down ___ up ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| SDT results should be _____ than SRT |
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Definition
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Term
| benefits or live voice and CD audio |
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Definition
live voice: more like real life
CD: truely doing same list/voice every time |
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Term
| SRT should ______ audiometric testing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| auditory brainstem response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ABR and OAE give information about _______ ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| OHCs are located in the _____ __ _____ and considered the ________ _________ |
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Definition
organ of corti
cochlear amplifier |
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Term
| OHCs receive acoustic signals... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-receive signals up to 60 dB
-amplify soft sounds
-amplify different signals different amounts |
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Term
| healthy OHCs are good for _________ _______________ |
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Definition
| frequency differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
1-an acoustic signal is presented via air conduction
2-acoustic signal is reflected back by OHC through the middle and outer ear and recorded by a sensitive microphone in OE |
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Term
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Definition
-organ of corti must be intact
-healthy middle and outer ears
-healthy OHCs |
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Term
| if you can't record OAE that may be because: |
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Definition
| the patient's auditory system isn't sensitive enough |
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Term
| what systems are (and aren't) being measured with OAE |
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Definition
are: OE, ME, -->OHCs
aren't: IHCs, auditory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous (SOAE) and evoke (EOAE) |
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Term
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Definition
cochlear emission measured in the absence of stimulus
-50% of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| emission is generated when an acoustic stimulus is presented |
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Term
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Definition
transient evoked
distortion product |
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Term
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Definition
-present clicks or pips
-record the echo with has many components so is analyzed by frequency by the machine
-results displayed: SNR |
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Term
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Definition
signal to noise ratio
-the higher the better
-necessary because sometimes the noise from environment contaminates the response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| benefits or presenting clicks: |
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Definition
-encompass large areas of the cochlea
-represents all frequencies |
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Term
| in TEOAEs you don't look at the ___ frequency bands because ____ ___ ____________ __ _____ |
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Definition
low
they are contaminated by noise |
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Term
| presentation stimulus for DPEOAEs: |
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Definition
| two stimulus tones in ear simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
distortion product OAE
-present to tones in the ear
-record a 3rd tone produced by OHCs |
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Term
| cubic difference equation (DPOAEs) |
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Definition
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Term
| consider OAE present for TEOAEs if.... |
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Definition
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Term
| DPOAE is considered present if: |
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Definition
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Term
| effect of conductive HL on OAEs |
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Definition
show an absence of OAE
-OAE might be there but you just can't record it because it can't pass through the pathology of the middle/outer ear |
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Term
| effect of sensory HL on OAE |
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Definition
-may or may not get OAE
-depends on degree of HL
->30 dB TEOAE absent
->50-60 TEOAE and DPOAE absent |
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Term
| at 30>HL<50...TEOAEs are _______ and DPOAEs are _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| at HL > 50 dB...TEOAE is _______ and DPOAE is _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| effects or neural HL on OAEs |
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Definition
| -present because site of lesion is beyond OHCs |
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Term
| what test is important for discovering auditory neuropathies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
auditory brainstem response
-looking at auditory function in brainstem
-information about auditory pathways |
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Term
| auditory evoked potentials definition |
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Definition
| reflects the electrophysiological function of a certain portion of the CNS in response to a stimulus sound |
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Term
| when looking at ABR, you're only looking at ________milliseconds because ________ |
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Definition
10ish
that's what's coming from the brainstem |
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Term
| 10-100 milliseconds on ABR |
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Definition
middle latency response
-coming from midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| late latency response coming from auditory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
-can detect CNS dysfunction
-can predict hearing senstivity (threshold)
-newborn screenings
-monitor ANS during surgery
-assess 8th nerve problems |
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Term
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Definition
still, calm, quiet
-unaffected by sleep, sedation, anesthesia
-does not require subjective response
-proves reliable and objective repsonse |
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Term
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Definition
| -recorded via far field recording (electrodes on scalp or neck) |
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Term
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Definition
-seeing if you can identify peak or 5th wavee at different frequencies
-look at the threshold and latency or 5th wave |
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Term
| acoustic reflex pathways (afferent) |
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Definition
outer ear
middle ear
inner ear
cochlea
8th nerve
ventral cochlear nucleus
superior olive complex |
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Term
| acoustic reflex pathways (efferent) |
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Definition
superior olivary complex
ipsilateral pathway or contralateral
7th nerve
stapedius muscle |
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Term
| afferent information goes up ___________ pathways and efferent information comes down ___________ ___ _____________ pathways |
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Definition
ipsilateral
ipsilateral and contralateral |
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Term
| during acoustic reflex, the ear canal volume should increase by: |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: the contraction of the stapedius muscle occurs in the ear it is presented in |
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Definition
| false: it occurs in both ears becausethe information is sent back down |
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Term
| stapedius muscle only contracts with _____ noises |
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Definition
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Term
| measure ___________ to see if the stapedius muscle contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| acoustic reflex requires normal: |
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Definition
| middle and outer ear function |
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Term
| stimulus for acoustic reflex |
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Definition
-500 Hz
-1000 Hz
-2000 Hz
-broadband and narrowband noise |
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Term
| if the patient has a conductive component then you ____________ (should/shouldn't) see a reflex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
70-90 dB HL (85 is average)
60-100 for noise |
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Term
| true or false: acoustic reflex can give you information about hearing loss and degree |
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Definition
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