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| line surfaces that do NOT open to the outside; epithelial tissue + connective tissue |
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| epithelial tissue + connective tissue |
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| (skin) epithelial tissue + connective tissue |
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| connective tissue + connective tissue |
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| epithelial tissue + connective tissue |
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| serous, mucous, & cutaneous membranes |
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| connective tissue + connective tissue |
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| integumentary system function |
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| protection from bacteria, water, UV rays; makes vitamin D, which is important for Ca+ absorption; excretes wastes; millions of sensory inputs |
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| epidermis + dermis + hypodermis |
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| skin layers (superficial to deep) |
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| epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/adipose, dense connective tissue, muscle |
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| skin layers (deep to superficial) |
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| muscle, dense connective tissue, adipose tissue/ hypodermis, dermis, epidermis |
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cutaneous membrane (ET+CT)
4 (5) layers, superficial to deep: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, (stratum lucidum in palms & soles of feet), stratum granulosum, stratum corneum |
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| (most superficial layer of epidermis) mitogenic simple cuboidal cells; new cells push older cells up; 20 % melanocytes; epidermal derivatives in stratum basale |
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| 20% of stratum basale; contain melanin & inject it into keratinocytes; melanin can project black, brown, yellow, red, yellow, or a combination of those--> SKIN TONES |
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| cells that get pushed down (10% of stratum basale); interactions b/w CT & ET to change or form a new product (hair, glands, nails, horns) |
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| keratin w/ injected melanin |
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| keratin that has become harder |
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| chamber for air in hair (?) |
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| part of the dermis; mitogenic, constantly shedding |
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| SMOOTH muscle that causes goosebumps for warmth or larger appearance (like when dogs show dominance) |
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| epidermal derivatives; sebaceous, sweat, seruminous, mammary |
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| epidermal derivatives; multicellular holocrine alveolar (??) glands; secrete oil in whole cells |
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| epidermal derivatives; multicellular merocrine/ eccrine & tubular: secrete fluid-like substances (like sweat) |
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| epidermal derivatives; multicellular holocrine & alveolar; secrete ear wax |
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| epidermal derivatives; UNICELLULAR goblet cells (secrete mucous) |
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| epidermal derivatives; secrete milk; multicellular apocrine & alveolar (secretes portions of cells) |
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| disease that affects hemoglobin production--> pt needs blood --> pt tends to be sensitive to light & sun; symptoms= pale skin, retreating gums, excessive body hair growth, sensitivity to garlic --> werewolf & vampire suspicion |
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| (2nd most superficial layer of epidermis) cuboidal cells shrink b/c of lack of nutrients, & as they die, they produce keratin--> waterproofs body |
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| (only present in palms of hands & soles of feet; middle of 5 layers of epidermis) adds thickness for extra protection |
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| (2nd deepest layer of epidermis) little granular balls of keratin; keratinocytes= small cells full of keratin |
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| (deepest layer of epidermis) flattened keratinocytes referred to as squamous cells |
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| (skin; deep to epidermis) papillary region + reticular region |
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| (dermis) makes up 20% of dermis; forms ridges; highly innervated; highly vascularized |
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| (dermis) makes up 80% of dermis; collagen fibers + dense connective tissue; stretches & returns to original shape--> whether or not you get stretch marks depends on how many elastic fibers you have in the reticular region of your dermis |
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| underlying layer of fat; superficial fascia |
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