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The process by which an atom loses and electron |
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| the process by which an atom gains an electron |
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the process by which an atom gains an electron |
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| a reaction that requires an input of energy |
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| a reaction that releases free energy |
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| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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.the energy "currency" of cellular metabolism in all organisms |
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the general name given to the molecule that an enzyme acts on |
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. a protein that is capable of speeding up specific chemical reactions |
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| a nonprotein organic molecule (such as NAD) that plays an accesory role in enzyme catalyzed processes, often acting as a donor or acceptor for electrons |
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| the total of all chemical reactions carried out in a cell |
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Chemical reactions that require energy input to build organic polymers |
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chemical reactions that release energy due to the break down of organic polymers |
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| . a sequence of biochemical reactions in which the product of one reaction acts as the substrate for the next reaction |
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| the process that results in the complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and produces ATP through both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation with the use of ATP synthase |
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| the process that results in the complete oxidation of glucose using an inorganic final electron acceptor (that is not oxygen) and produces ATP through both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation with the use of ATP synthase |
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the process that results in the partial oxidation of glucose using organic compounds as final electron acceptors and produces ATP through substrate level phosphorylation |
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| the biochemical pathways that involve passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane associated carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes |
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| the biochemical pathways that involve the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate |
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| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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synthesis of ATP using ATP synthase |
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the enzyme responsible for producing ATP in oxidative phosphorylation |
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| the biochemical pathways that involve the breakdown of pyruvate into carbon dioxide |
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| light dependent reactions |
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| . first phase of photosynthesis in which light energy is captured and used in the production of ATP and NADPH |
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| light independent reactions / carbon fixation / calvin cycle |
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. second phase of photosynthesis in which ATP and NADPH are used to reduced carbon dioxide to glucose |
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| the general term for a set of reactions used to harvest light energy which is in turn used to convert water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen gas |
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primary pigment used in photosynthesis - absorbs light in the blue-violet and red range |
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| accessory pigment used in photosynthesis - absorbs light in the blue and red-orange range |
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| a group of accessory pigments that absorb ranges of light not absorbed by chlorophyll - primarily responsible for fall colors in leaves |
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| a type of accessory pigment used by algae and photosynthetic bacteria - absorbs light in the green range |
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| . a molecule that absorbs light |
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| a particle of light having a discrete amount of energy |
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| the majority of plants - plants in which CO2 is first fixed into a 3C compound, and in which the stomata are open during the day |
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plants such as corn and grasses - plants in which CO2 is first fixed into a 4C compound, and in which the stomata are open during the day |
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succulent plants (such as cacti and pineapple) - plants in which CO2 is first stored as an acid before it is fed through the calvin cycle, and in which stomata are only open at night |
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A minute opening in the leaf of a plant that allows for gas and water exchange |
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