Term
| Catabolic pathways _________ while anabolic pathways __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two characteristics of metabolic pathways? |
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Definition
-they contain at least 1 irreversible reaction
-they are regulated (by transcription and by enzyme activity) |
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Term
| What are the 3 general ways to elucidate metabolic pathways? |
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Definition
1. Metabolic inhibitors
2. Genetic modifications
3. Radioactive isotopes |
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Term
| What are the 3 ways the use of biochemical genetics can be used to ID metabolic pathways? |
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Definition
-Genetic diseases
-Auxotrophic organisms
-Transgenic organisms |
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Term
| What vitamin is Coenzyme A derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vitamin are NAD & NADP derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vitamin are FAD & FMN derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What if quinone receives 1 electron what is produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| If quinone receives 2 electrons what is produxed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is NADP involved in catabolic or anabolic pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hydride ion consists of __ proton(s) and __ electron(s) |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ nucleotides commonly act as prosthetic groups |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemical mechanism allows ATP to drive reactions forward? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ + ______ produce glutamine with the help of the enzyme ______ |
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Definition
Glutamate + ammonia
enzyme: glutamine synthetase |
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Term
| What is the first step in the glutamine synthetase mechanism? |
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Definition
| 1. ATP reacts with glutamate to produce a mixed annhydride |
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Term
| What is the second step in the glutamine synthetase mechanism? |
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Definition
| 2. NH3 acts as a nucleophile, displacing the Pi group |
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Term
| What is an adenylate moiety? |
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Definition
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Term
| If ATP is hydrolyzed between the beta and gamma phosphates, what will be produced? |
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Definition
| ADP and an inorganic phosphate |
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Term
| If ATP is hydrolyzed between the alpha and beta carbons, what will be produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the free energy produced from hydrolysis of ATP to AMP + PPi twice as large as the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi |
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Definition
| Because both phosphoanhydride bonds are hydrolyzed |
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Term
| Why is the free energy of the hydrolysis if ATP large and negative? (3 reasons) |
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Definition
-there is a repulsion between the negative phosphates of ATP
-the inorganic phosphate has greater resonance stabilization than ATP
-ADP2- rapidly ionizes to drive the reaction towards completion |
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Term
| What bond would result in the release of a greater free energy: phosphoanhydride or phosphoester? |
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Definition
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