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| Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
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| A logical series of steps used to solve problems. |
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| Meter, Measured with RULER |
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| Kilogram, Measured with BALANCE |
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| Second, Measured with STOPWATCH |
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| Kelvin, Measured with THERMOMETER |
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| SI unit for amount of substance |
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Combination of base units
ex. density, volume, velocity, area |
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| How close measurement is to true value |
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| How close measurements are to each other |
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| % error = (|Your Result - Accepted Value| / Accepted Value) x 100 |
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| Using SIG FIGS, what do you round to when ADDING AND SUBTRACTING |
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| The same number that has the lowest number of decimal places. |
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| Using SIG FIGS, what do you round to when MULTIPLYING & DIVIDING? |
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| Round your answer to the same number of digits as the measurement with the lowest SIG FIGS |
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| Both Variables up or down |
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| One number increases while the other decreases or vice versa |
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| One number increases while the other decreases or vice versa |
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| Matter has uniform and unchanging composition. EX. Table Salt Watter |
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| Pure substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded. Ex. H20 |
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| Pure Substance made of only one kind of atom. Ex. Oxygen, Hydrogen |
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Mixtures that are uniform throughout
Ex. Koolaid |
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Mixtures that are not uniform throughout.
Ex. Dirt, Pizza |
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Physical property that depends on the amount of substance present.
Ex. Mass, Volume, Amt. of Energy |
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| Physical property that DOES NOT depend on the amount of substance present. |
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A characteristic that can be observed without changing identity.
ex. color, mass, density |
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A change that does not involve a change in identity of substance.
Ex. Crushing, cutting, ANY phase change |
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| Particles are tightly packed, definite shape and volume, particles vibrate in place, LEAST compressible |
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| Definite volume, indefinite shape, particles flow around each other |
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| Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, particles far apart, particles have random motion,MOST compressible |
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| ABILITY or INABILITY to change into a new substance. Ex. Ability or inability to rust, burn, tarnish |
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| (Chemical Reaction) a change in which the substance is converted into a different substance |
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| Two liquids with different boiling points are heated |
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| Two substances absorb in material |
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| Any particle found in the nucleus |
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| +1 Charge, Mass=1, located in nucleus |
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| Any particles found in nucleus |
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| Number of protons in nucleus, REPRESENTED BY Z |
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| Mass of an atom found on period table (UNROUNDED NUMBER!) |
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| Number of protons and neutrons in element, REPRESENTED BY A |
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| Neutron= Mass number- atomic number |
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Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
Ex. C-12, C-14 |
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| An atom that has lost or gained electrons |
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| How to find average atomic mass: |
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| (percent in decimal form) (mass of nuclide) IN AMU |
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| All electrons in the atom are in lowest possible energy level. |
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| Electron has absorbed energy and moves to a higher energy level. |
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| Exact amount of energy needed to move an electron form one energy level to another |
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| Packet of electromagnetic radiation carrying a quantum of energy |
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| Why was Bohr's model INADEQUATE? |
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| Only worked for HYDROGEN. |
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| Who proposed Quantum Theory? |
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Energy is not emitted continuously but in small packets.
E=hv |
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| 6.022 × 10^23 = ONE MOLE = Number of particles in a gas. |
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| How fast do all waves travel? |
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| SPEED OF LIGHT= 3.0x10^8 m/s |
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| λ distance between waves (peak to peak) |
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| ν number of peaks or cycles per second |
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| height from peak to baseline |
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| low frequency, low energy |
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| High energy, high frequency |
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| How is frequency related to wavelength? |
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| How is frequency related to energy? |
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| How is wavelength related to energy? |
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| If waves can behave like particles then particles can behave like waves |
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| Heisenberg's uncertainty principle |
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| It is impossible to know both the position and momentum of an electron at the same time. |
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| Schrodinger's wave equation |
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| Finds probability of where electron is located around nucleus. |
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| Values that represent the different electron energy states. |
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| Principle Quantum number N |
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l=n-1
Represents Sublevels of energy level |
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| represents orbital within sublevel |
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+/- 1/2
Represents spin of electron |
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| Pauli's Exclusion Principal |
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| no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers |
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| Electrons occupy lowest energy level available |
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| Each orbital gets one electron first before getting second |
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