Term
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Definition
-everything is made up or indivisible particles
-came up with concept of atoms
-did not have a scientific method of proving his idea |
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Term
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Definition
-father of modern atomic theory
-matter is made of indivisible atoms
-atoms of a element have the same mass
-atoms can combine in whole number ratios
-atoms can only combine, separate, or rearrange in chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
-outside of nucleus
-negative charge (minus one charge)
-symbol e-
-mass is 1/1840 of an amu/proton |
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Term
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Definition
-resides in nucleus
-positive charge (plus one charge)
-symbol p+
-mass is 1 atomic mass unit (amu) |
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Term
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Definition
-in nucleus
-no charge
-symbol n0
-Mass is 1 amu (last to be discovered) |
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Term
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Definition
| plum pudding model-protons and electrons are scattered evenly throughout atom |
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Term
| Rutherford 1871--1937 (1911) |
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Definition
Gold foil experiment- gold hit by alpha particles that are radioactive and 4x heavier than proton. Most went straight through but some deflected.
Theory- an atom is mostly empty space but the nucleus is positive because of protons, electrons are on outside |
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Term
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Definition
-contains protons and neutrons
-very dense
-very small and heavy
-99.9% of the mass of an atom
-very small amount of the volume |
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Term
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Definition
-area where electrons travel
-made of mostly empty space
-the # of protons in an atom equals the # of electrons in same atom
-charge of total atom is neutral because protons and electrons cancel |
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Term
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Definition
# of protons = number of electrons= blue # pd table on the wall
(protons identify element) |
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Term
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Definition
(as mass increases so does number)
-weight of 1 atom in amu, includes proton and neutrons
-protons and neutrons each weight 1 amu
-electrons weigh nothing |
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Term
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Definition
| sum of particles in the nucleus, the protons, and neutrons, don't count electrons because they don't weigh |
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Term
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Definition
1 35
H Cl
1 17
The top number is the mass #= protons+neutrons
The bottom number is the Atomic #= protons= electrons
To find neutrons =mass#-atomic # |
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Term
How much mass, atomic number, protons, neutrons, electrons
32
S
16 |
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Definition
mass-32
atomic number-16
protons-16
neutrons- 16
electrons-16 |
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Term
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Definition
(all atoms have protons=electrons)
an atom that differs from another of the same element is because of the # of neutrons
H-1 weigh 1amu
H-2 weighs 2amu
H-3 weighs 3amu
The mass on pd table is avg of isotopes |
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Term
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Definition
the avg mass based on percent abundance of all existing isotopes of an element
Example-
Chlorine- 35(76%)=35*.76=26.6
Chlorine- 37(24%)=37*.24=8.88
Avg Chlorine=26.6+8.88=35.48amu |
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Term
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Definition
-contains 6.02*10^23 particles
-also called avogrados number (after scientist)
-unit used to measure particles in a substance
-1 mol= 6.02*10^23=mass(g) from pd table |
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Term
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Definition
-always pairs with one
-g and amu always pair with mass from pd table
-atom usually pairs with 6.02*10^23 (mols or grams) or the number one (amu) |
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Term
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Definition
Moles? form 60.9g of Mg
60.9 X 1 mol =2.5 mol
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24.3g
Grams? in 1.2*10^24 atoms of Cl
1.2*10^24 X 1 mol X 35.5g = 70g
------ ------
6.02*10^23 1 mol |
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