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Atomic Structure
Vocabulary
18
Science
8th Grade
07/28/2006

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Term
atom
Definition
The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
Term
nucleus
Definition
The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
Term
proton
Definition
A subatomic particle in an atom’s nucleus that has a positive electrical charge
Term
neutron
Definition
A subatomic particle with no charge that is located in the nucleus of an atom
Term
electron
Definition
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom
Term
positive charge
Definition
The type of electrical charge found in protons
Term
negative charge
Definition
The type of electrical charge found in electrons
Term
neutral
Definition
No electrical charge
Term
energy level
Definition
"The path of a given electron's orbit around a nucleus, marked by a constant distance from the nucleus"
Term
valence
Definition
Electrons in the outermost orbital
Term
subatomic
Definition
Particle smaller than an atom
Term
electron cloud
Definition
Model of the atom that states that electrons move in a cloud-like way around the nucleus.
Term
atomic number
Definition
The number of protons in a nucleus. It determines the chemical properties of an element.
Term
atomic mass
Definition
The average mass of all isotopes of an element.
Term
ion
Definition
An atom or group of atoms that has either gained or lost electrons and so has an electrical charge
Term
isotope
Definition
One of two or more forms of a single element; the atoms of each isotope have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Thus isotopes have the same atomic number but differ in atomic mass.
Term
mass number
Definition
The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
Term
quark
Definition
" Sub-atomic particle, thought to be the simplest of all particles."
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