Term
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Definition
injury to the muscle or musculous tendon unit (tendon)
Grade 1, 2, and 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Some fibers have been stretched or actually torn resulting in tenderness and pain on active ROM , movement may be painful but full range is present |
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Term
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Definition
| A number of fibers have been torn and active contraction is painful, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result (up to 50% of the fibers are torn). There may be an indentation in the area that is torn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete rupture of muscle or musclotendinous junction , significant impairment, with initially a great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage (complete tear or rupture, there may be a lot of bleeding, and it can come off the bone). |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury to ligament, Grades 1, 2, 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Some Pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, and mild point tenderness (there may be slight swelling). |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, instability (50% fibers). |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely painful, inevitable loss of function, severe instability and swelling, and may also represent subluxation (crutches, eccymosis (bruises)). |
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation of the lining of the muscle due to contusion or result of a strain
- Inflammation of muscle tissue
- Fibrositis or inflammation of connective tissue
- Plantar fasciits |
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Term
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Definition
- Gradual onset, with diffuse tenderness due to repeated microtrauma and degenerative changes
- Obvious signs are swelling and pain
- If left untreated , can become a chronic condition |
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Term
| Dislocations/Subluxations |
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Definition
- Subluxations are partial dislocations causing incomplete separation of the two bones
- Luxation presents with total disunion of bone apposition between articular surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
- Fluid filled sac that develops in area of friction
- Sudden irritation can cause acute bursitis, while overuse and constant external compression can cause chronic bursitis
- Sign and symptoms include swelling, pain, and some loss of function
- Repeated trauma can lead to calcification and degeneration of internal bursa linings
- Cn calsify over time if left untreated
- Damp/cold will flare up bursitis
- Very common in golf, baseball, and softball |
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Term
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Definition
| Potentially caused by slight micro trauma to muscle or connective tissue structures. Acute and delayed on-set soreness |
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Term
| Acute-Onset Muscle Soreness |
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Definition
| Accompanies fatigue, and is transient muscle pain experienced immediately after exercise |
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Term
| Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) |
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Definition
- Pain that occurs 24-48 hours following activity that gradually subsides (pain-free 3-4 days later)
- Injury to the muscle |
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Term
| Purpose of Pre-Participation Examination (PPE) |
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Definition
- Determine if defects or conditions exist which might place the athlete at risk or increase the chance of injury in that particular sport
- Bring to the athlete's attention any weakness or imbalance so correction of these may take place
- Determine whether an athlete may participate safely in spite of having a recognizable problem
- Meet legal, sport organizations and insurance requirements |
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Term
| Secondary Objectives of PPE |
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Definition
- Determine general health
- Counsel on health related issues
- Assess maturity
- Assess fitness level |
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Term
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Definition
- 6-12 weeks prior to season
- End of school year or beginning of school year |
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Term
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Definition
- History - Ear, nose, throat
- Physical measurements - Heart and lung
- Cardiovascular - Internal exam
- Visual screening - Orthopedic exam
- Blood tests - Neurological exam
- Urinalysis (do first) - Dental exam
- Flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mouth Formed Mouth Guards |
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Definition
| Boil and Bite, then it is put in cold water to set, inexpensive to buy in bulk |
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Term
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Definition
| Dentist made, fits best, more expensive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rinse in mouthwash or bleach water then store in plastic bag or case. |
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Term
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Definition
| Help reduce concussions, protect teeth |
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Term
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Definition
- Impact resistant
- Excessive light and optical radiation
- Sunglasses or darkened visors
**Swimmer's Headache = Goggles are too tight
***If athlete wears contacts, the trainer needs to be aware of the type; soft or gas permeable. |
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Term
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Definition
- Heel shock
- Arch Support
- Flexibility
- Sport Specific
- Improper or worn out shoes account for majority of foot problems
- Runners should not run more than 300 miles on one pair
- Balance
- Cleats should be as tight as possible |
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Term
Fitness Testing:
Purpose of Performance Testing |
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Definition
- Evaluate basis motor abilities
- Evaluate improvement of individual athletes and the effectiveness of a physical conditioning program |
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Load |
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Definition
| Outside force or forces acting on a tissue |
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Stress |
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Definition
| The internal reaction or resistance to an external load |
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Deformation |
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Definition
| Extent of deformation of tissue under loading |
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Visovelastic |
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Definition
| Any material whose mechanical properties vary depending on rate of load |
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Yield Point |
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Definition
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Term
Tissue Trauma and Sport Injuries:
Tissue Failure |
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Definition
| Elastic limit of tissue is exceeded, causing tissue to break |
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Term
| 5 Stresses Leading to Tissue Trauma and Tension |
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Definition
1. Stretching
2. Compression
3. Tension
4. Shearing
5. Bending |
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Term
Basic Treatment Principles:
RICES |
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Definition
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Support |
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Term
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Definition
Rest:
- Allows healing process to begin
- No undue external stress
- Minimum of 72 hours (Grade 2-3)
- Depends on severity of the injury |
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Term
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Definition
Ice:
- Decrease pain
- Promote local constriction of blood vessels
- Reduces inflammation
- Control hemorrhage (bleeding)
- Lower metabolism
- Reduce muscle guarding
- 20 minutes every hour
- Minimum of 3 days
- Important not to start heating too soon
- Keep ice on as long as there is swelling, ecchymosis, and bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Compression:
- Decrease hemorrhage and hematoma
- Less fluid seepage; greater absorption
- Reduces swelling
- Ice and wet wrap allow better penetration
- Do not wear compression wrap sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
Elevation:
- Reduces internal bleeding
- Reduces pooling of blood
- Assists venous return
- Reduces swelling
- Elevate while treating and sitting
- Elevate higher than the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Support:
- Air cast
- Braces
- Crutches
- Splint |
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Term
| When to change from ICE to HEAT? |
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Definition
| Ecchymosis, swelling, AND redness must be GONE |
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Term
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Definition
1. Lacerations
2. Abrasions
3. Incisions
4. Puncture
5. Avulsion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Something that splits the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Continuous rubbing over skin surface that causes a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal layer
- It is better not to release the fluid |
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Term
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Definition
- Compression of crush injury of skin surface that produces bleeding under the skin
- Result of sudden blow to body
- Can be both superficial and deep
- Hematoma results from blood and lymph flow into surrounding tissue
- Localization of extravagated blood into clot, enclapsulated by connective tissue
- Speed of healing process dependent on extent of damage
- Ice helps the healing process |
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation of synovial sheath
- In Acute case- Rapid onset, crepitus, and diffuse swelling
- Chronic cases result in thickening of tendon with pain and crepitus |
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Term
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Definition
- Painful involuntary contraction
- Attributed to dehydration/ electrolyte imbalance
- 2 Types
- Clonic: on and off
- Tonic: Rigid contraction that lasts a period of time. |
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