Term
Which of the following describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
A)It is a disorder of lipid accumulation
B) It is a chronic inflammatory condition
C)It is the build up of cholestrol in blood vessels
D)It is the result of the an immune system disfunction |
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Definition
| Answer is B (see pg 118 for explanation) |
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Term
| What are the three layers of a normal arterial wall? |
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Definition
| intima, media, and adventia |
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Term
Compared to small arteries, larger vessels have
A) More elastin
B) More smooth muscle cells in the media
C)More fibrosis
D) Greater extracellular matrix |
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Definition
| A (pg 199 first paragraph for explanation) |
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Term
Damage to the linkages between endothelial cells of the intima can cause
A)Fatty deposition on the intimal surface
B)Release of chemokines from smooth muscle cells in the media and migration of leukocytes.
C)accumulation of large plasma molecules in the subintima
D)Release of metaloproteases |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the correct progression of events following endothelial dysfunction?
A) accumulation of lipids within the intima,deposition of extracellular matrix, recruitment of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells to the vessel wall, formation of foam cells.
B)accumulation of lipids within the intima, formation of foam cells, recruitment of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells to the vessel wall, deposition of extracellular matrix
C)accumulation of lipids within the intima, recruitment of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells to the vessel wall, deposition of extracellular matrix, formation of foam cells.
D) accumulation of lipids within the intima, recruitment of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells to the vessel wall, formation of foam cells, deposition of extracellular matrix |
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Definition
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Term
| Maria, a 20 year old college student comes to you for the first time. When you take a family history you realize her mom, grandfather, uncle, aunt, and dog all died young of heart disease. Maria is concerned. If you were to look at her blood vessels what would be the first visible sign of atherosclerosis? Which arteries would most likely have it? |
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Definition
| Fatty streak exist in aorta and coronary arteries. |
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Term
| Why does atherosclerosis occur predominantly at branch points (ie- arterial bifurcations)? |
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Definition
| These points are more susceptible to physical stress. Other parts of the artery experience laminar flow which causes the release of endogenous vasodilators that inhibit platlet aggregation. Laminar flow also acentuates expression of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. This enzyme protectsagainst reactive oxygen speices produced by chemical irritants and transient ischemia. |
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Term
| How does cigarette smoking cause atherosclerosis? |
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Definition
| increase reactive oxygen species (super oxide anion) that influences the metabolic and synthetic properties of the endothelium, skewing cells towards a proinflammatory process. |
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Term
Which of the following are characteristics of a "activated" endothelial cell state?
A) release of anti-inflammatory cytokines
B) decreased production of cell surface adhesion molecules that recruit leukocytes
C)release of NO and prostacyclin
D) interference with normal antithrombotic properties
E) endothelial impermeability |
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Definition
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