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| an accumulated record of the human experience |
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ID: greek historian
Sig: "father of history" |
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id:Greek historian
sig: wrote "History of the Peloponnesian War". Did exhaustive research and was authoritative |
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| Modern Discipline of History |
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| combo of both art and science, subjective and objective |
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| Journals, diaries, personal interviews |
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| First English settlement in 1607 difficulties. |
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| harsh weather, diminishing food supply, no knowledge of the land and growing patterns |
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id: pre-Columbian Indians of modern day US.
sig: ex. of a well developed civilization |
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id: Luther's protestant movement
sig: shook up Europe and was a big factor in the settlement of America |
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id: Italian explorer
sig: America named after him |
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id: Spanish conquistador
sig: conquered Aztec empire and made Montezuma his "puppet" |
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id: largest city in North America
sig: Aztec capital |
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id: Spanish soldiers
sig: a major part of spanish settlement in the New World |
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id: system whereby favored officials were given Indian land and they were expected to protect and care for the Indian villages and support missionary priests.
sig: developed a society of extremes-wealthy conquistadors and impoverished natives |
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id: Spanish conquistador
sig: led soldiers to subdue Inca Empire. |
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id: Native group
sig: Franciscan missionaries claimed them converted to Christianity, but really they resented it. |
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id: French explorer
sig: established a short-lived colony near Quebec |
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id: British ruler
sig: avoided open war w/ Spain, but urged her sea captains to attack Spanish vessels. Also had cousin, Mary queen of Scots, beheaded for plot to kill Elizabeth. |
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id: British explorer
sig: discovered Roanoke island |
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id: British settlement
sig: first permanent colony planted in Virginia |
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id: leader of Algonquin speaking Indian tribes
sig: wanted to develop alliances and trade with English, but they didn't |
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id: British soldier of fortune and leadership
sig: tried to save starving Jamestown with discipline and forced labor |
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id: colonial winter of 1609-1610
sig: colonist weakened by hunger and most died because of disease |
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id: colonies granted by the king
sig: given to individuals not companies |
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id: mostly new englanders with a more rigorous protestant faith
sig: wanted to create a model Christian society and Purify the Church of England from within |
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id: English Separatists
sig: bent on bulding a Christian commonwealth in America. sailed on Mayflower in 1620. led by William Bradford and initially fled to Holland |
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id: lawyer with intense religious convictions.
sig: resolved to use Mass. Bay colony as a refuge for persecuted puritans |
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id: Englishman who settled in Rhode Island
sig: banished for his belief in complete separation of church and state. Established the 1st permanent settlement in Rd. Island |
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id: wife and mother in Boston
sig: accused puritan ministers of promoting false doctrine. Banished from Boston |
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id: sparked when a native was accused of killing a colonist
sig: ended the Pequot Nation |
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id: Dutch colony
sig: conquered by the English and became New York |
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id: A strong Federation of Indian tribes
sig: forced English traders to help in exploiting beaver trade. |
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id: radical religious group
sig: most influential in Colonies. Believed in the "inner light" |
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id: immigrants who traded several years of labor for access to freedom in America
sig: caused American population to expand. |
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id: agreement about kids of church members
sig: allowed them to have membership, but they couldn't vote or take communion |
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id: English philosopher
sig: believed that people reflect the impact of their environment. Coined "Life liberty and Justice"
wrote "essay concerning human understanding" and "two treatises on human government" |
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id: religious revival
sig: involved teachings of rebirth for Christians and greatly impacted America. |
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id: English minister
sig: led his congregation to a remarkable spiritual revival. Wrote sinners in the hands of an angry God, and Treaties concerning religious affections |
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id: English minister
sig: had dramatic eloquence that inspired many to be reborn. |
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id: products not produced by the mother country
sig: they were not to be shipped anywhere except England and English colonies. |
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id: American colonial woman
sig: one of the nation's most enterprising horticulturalists |
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| profitable crops grown in the colonies that were prized by the mother country. |
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| New England shipped rum to Africa where they bartered for slaves, then took slaves to the West Indies and returned home with various commodities like molasses |
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| intellectual movement that prized rational inquiry, individual discovery. Willing to discard orthodox religious beliefs for "rational" ideas. |
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| epitomized Enlightenment, "child of enlightenment" |
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| based on the belief that the world's supply of gold and silver remained fixed, with only a nation's share in that wealth subject to change. makes colonists become increasingly dissatisfied with Britain |
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| products not produced by the mother country (tobacco, rice, cotton, sugar) were to be shipped only to England and English colonies |
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| laws that provided convenient rationale for a colonial trading system: to serve the economic needs of England. |
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| Colony revolution that began when William and Mary came to England. Gov. Andros and Councillor's were arrested and Mass. reverted to it's former gov. |
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| Lord's Commissioners of trade and plantation (the board of trade) |
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| created by King William III to ensure that the colonies served England's economy |
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| Permanent French Settlements began by Champlain @ Quebec |
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| The Society of Jesus, defenders of the Roman Catholic Church that led the way in New France |
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1754-1763! aka The Great War for Empire or The Seven Years' War. Most important of the century long series of wars between England and France ( and Spain kinda).
Main leaders
British: Wolfe- defeated French at Quebec.
Braddock- sent to form American Forces to serve for Britain.
French: Montcalm |
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| Constructed by George Washington and toops out of "necessity" |
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| attacks by indians on the frontier forts that convinced colonists the indians needed to go. |
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| opposed James II, led Glorious revolution, secured Protestant Hanoverian Succession. |
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| inspired a series of resolutions against the stamp act. |
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| colonial militants who put on demonstrations and protests against the stamp act |
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| delegates who issued a petition to the king and parliament to repeal the stamp act. |
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| asserted the full power of Parliament to make laws binding the colonies. |
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| John Dickinson's "Letter from a Farmer in Penn." |
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| argued that parliament had no right to levy taxes for revenue. |
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| supreme genius of revolutionary agitation. leader of Sons of Liberty |
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| runaway mulatto slave who was part of the mob at the Boston Massacre in 1770 |
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| planned to bail out the English East India Company by shipping tea to America |
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| proposed to set aside a day for fasting and prayer in Virginia.Primary author of Declaration of Independence. |
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| special militia units ready for quick mobilization |
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| spread alarm of British attack to take arms store from lexington and Concord |
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| Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" |
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| pamphlet that attacked allegiance to the monarchy as last connection with Britain |
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| Key Themes of F/I war (causes for Animosity) |
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-recruiting
-quartering
-transportation
-joint operations
-harsh punishment
-impressment |
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| mandated tax on French molasses |
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| tax on newspapers + written materials hoping it would raise revenue to put toward debt. |
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| passed to sustain English East India Trading Company. Colonists were being taxed for the presence of the tea whether they were drinking it or not! |
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| 1630- 1640 at least 10,000 puritans moved to America. Leader: John Winthrop |
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1. Law
2.Power of Human Reason
3. Natural Rights of individuals
4. Progressive Improvement of Human Society |
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