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| energy transfered accross empty space in the form of transverse waves. |
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heat tranfer from molecules to molecules by collision.
**occurs best in solids** |
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| heat transfers through liquids and gasses by moving currents. |
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| way of describing the speed of the molecules in a substance. |
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| amount of energy needed to rise the temperature of 1 gram of cool dry air. |
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| gas --> solid (or) solid --> gas. |
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| energy at rest, but gains energy when object is lifted against gravity.(gravitational energy) |
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energy in the form of transverse waves that can travel through space and therefore do not require a medium for propagation.
**travels at a speed of light, which is 3 X 10 ^8 m/s** |
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| number of waves that pass a point in a given period of time. |
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| total range of electromagnetic energy waves, arranged in order of their wavelength or frequency. |
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| (incoming solar radiation) portion of the sun's output of electromagnetic energy that is recieved by the Earth at the outermost part of our atmosphere. |
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a condition that exists when the sun's rays strike the Earth at a 90 degree angle; the sun is overhead at solar noon.
**strongest sunlight** |
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| the length of time that an area recieves insolation each day (hours of day light) |
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| ______ and ______ affect the absorption of insolation by Earth's surface. |
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| the atmosphere allows much insolation to pass through to the Earth's surface, but prevents most of the radiation from the Earth's surface to escape into outer space. |
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| carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. |
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| point located directly overhead. |
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| line around the edge of the Earth where the celestial sphere meets the Earth. |
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| the sun, stars, moons, asteroids, planets, comets, etc. |
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| states that all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area and, after a tremendous input of energy, matter becan to organize into subatomic particles and atoms. |
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| evidence for the big bang theory |
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| cosmic backround radiation and doppler effect. |
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| billions of stars and various amounts of gas and dust held together by gravity. |
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| ball of gas held together by gravity and produces a tremendous amount of energy. |
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process which involves the combining of the nuclei of smaller elements into larger elements with a loss of mass being converted into energy.
100 g H + 100 g H ---> 150 g He |
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| forces of attraction between any two objects with mass. |
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