Shared Flashcard Set

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Earthquakes
Ch8 and 9 test
37
Environmental Studies
9th Grade
03/07/2013

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Cards

Term
A fault is..
Definition
a fracture in the earth where movement has occurred
Term
An earthquakes epicenter is...
Definition
the epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus
Term
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called the...
Definition
focus. the point within earth where the earthquake starts is called the focus
Term
Earthquakes are usually associated with..
Definition
earthquakes are usually associated with large fractures in earths crust and mantle faults
Term
What causes earthquakes?
Definition
earthquakes occur due to the release of built up energy
Term
Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy stored in rock that has been subjected to great forces..
Definition
went the strength of the rock is exceeded, it suddenly breaks causing the vibrations of an earthquake
Term
Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces?
Definition
elastic energy stored in rocks
Term
During an earthquake, ground surface...
Definition
can move in any direction
Term
The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes are called ...
Definition
aftershocks
Term
Major earthquakes are sometimes preceded by smaller earthquakes called...
Definition
foreshocks
Term
The slow continuous movement that occurs along some fault zones is referred to as...
Definition
creep
Term
The san francisco earthquake of 1906 occured along what fault?
Definition
san andreas fault
Term
Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?
Definition
p waves travel more rapidly
Term
What is true about p waves?
Definition
p waves are pull puch waves the push (compress) and pull (expand)rocks in the direction the waves travel. p waves are also known as compression waves
Term
Overall which seismic waves are most destructive?
Definition
the surface waves are the most destructive, because surface waves move in and up-down , side to side motion. the side-to side motion is especially damaging to the foundation of buildings
Term
What is the minimum number of seismic waves or amount of energy released at the source of the earthquakes epicenter?
Definition
three
Term
An earthquakes magnitude is a measure of the size of the seismic waves or the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake
Definition
10 times greater
Term
what instrument records earthquake waves
Definition
seismographs
Term
How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the richter scale compared to one measuring 4.4?
Definition
10 times greater
Term
A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is a
Definition
tsunami
Term
Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock on slopes to fail cause a _____ . . . . .
Definition
Landslide
Term
Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires ?
Definition
The fires started when gas and electrical lines were cut. Many city's water lines had also been broken by the quake, which meant that the fires couldn't be stopped.
Term
Long-range earthquake forecasts are based on the idea that earthquakes are ______.
Definition
Repetitive or cyclical
Term
What layers of earth make up the lithosphere ?
Definition
Crust and uppermost mantle
Term
Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted ?
Definition
Outer core, because it is liquid
Term
Earth's core is made of an ally of _____.
Definition
Iron-nickel alloy
Term
Wegener's continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form _____.
Definition
A single supercontinental
Term
The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called _______.
Definition
Pangaea
Term
In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided by _____.
Definition
Term
A tectonic plate consists of _____.
Definition
Crust and uppermost mantle
Term
A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a ______.
Definition
Rift Valley
Term
What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate ?
Definition
Convergent boundaries
Term
Give an example of a transform fault boundary ____.
Definition
San Andreas Fault
Term
New Ocean crust is formed at ______.
Definition
Divergent boundaries
Term
What occurs when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates ?
Definition
This process results in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor.
Term
The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary ?
Definition
Continental-continental ( convergent boundary )
Term
Volcanic island arcs are associated with type of plate boundary ?
Definition
Oceanic-oceanic ( convergent boundaries )
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