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Astronomy Final
It's my astronomy final review
112
Astronomy
11th Grade
12/15/2010

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Cards

Term

True/False

The autumnal equinox find the sun on the equator, heading southward.

Definition
True
Term

True/False

Our Moon is in a 1:1 synch, with a lunar rotation equaling an Earth year.

Definition
False
Term

True/False

The distances to bodies in the solar system are a few light minutes to light hours.

Definition
True
Term

True/False

Universal Time is measured by the positions of objects beyond the solar system.

Definition
False
Term

True/False

A total solar eclipse will happen any time the new moon is on the ecliptic.

Definition
False
Term

True/False

The sun passes through the zodiacal constellations over the course of the year.

Definition
True
Term

True/False

The sidereal day is four minutes shorter than the solar day.

Definition
True
Term

True/False

Constellations are close clusters of stars, all at about the same distance from the sun.

Definition
False
Term

True/False

From Earth, the Sun and Moon have about the same angular diameter.

Definition
True
Term

True/False

Over the course of a night, Polaris moves less than any other visible star in the sky.

Definition
True
Term
The study of the universe is?
Definition
Astronomy
Term
The distances to other stars beyond the Sun are measured in?
Definition
Light Years
Term
Most scientific theories are NOT?
Definition
Perfect
Term

Which statement about the first quarter moon is FALSE?

a) It is highest in the sky at sunset

b) From the Earth, it appears 25% sunlit

c) It rises about noon

d) It is the half moon of the evening sky

Definition
b) From the Earth, it appears 25% sunlit
Term
What line in the sky is created by our revolution around the Sun?
Definition
Ecliptic
Term
The chief erosive agent now on the moon is...?
Definition
The rain of micrometeorites chewing up the regolith.
Term
Where on Earth would you be if Polaris was at your zenith?
Definition
North Pole
Term
Where on Earth can you observe all the stars in the sky over an entire year?
Definition
Equator
Term

Which Statement about Right Ascension is FALSE?

a) It is very similar to latitude on the Earth

b) Each hour is equal to 15 degrees of sky

c) It turns the sky into a vast 24 hour clock face

d) It is measured eastward in units of time

Definition
a) It is very similar to longitude on the Earth not Latitude
Term
Where would you be if the Sun sets for six for six continuous months, beginning on September 23rd?
Definition
North Pole
Term
How long is the precession cycle?
Definition
26,000 years
Term

Which statement about declination is False?

a) It is much like latitude on the Earth's globe

b) Its origin is the celestial equator

c) Polaris is almost at +90 degrees

d) It is measure eastward in units of time

Definition
It is not measure eastward in units of time
Term
Pensacola, Florida lies at 30 degrees south latitude. Where is Polaris on January 1st at 9 P.M.?
Definition
30 Degrees high in the North
Term
Sydney, Australia lies at about 30 degrees south latitude. Where is Polaris on January 1st at 9 P.M.?
Definition
Polaris will never be visible there
Term
What is the range of values for Right Ascension?
Definition
0 to 24 hours
Term
What is the range of Values for Declination?
Definition
+90 to -90 degrees
Term
What conditions are necessary for an annular solar eclipse?
Definition
New moon on ecliptic apogee
Term
What conditions are necessary for a total solar eclipse?
Definition
New moon on ecliptic near perigee
Term
A solar eclipse can only happen during a _____?
Definition
New moon
Term
A lunar eclipse can only happen during a.....?
Definition
Full moon
Term
If the moon rose tonight at 6 P.M., then tomorrow it will rise about...?
Definition
7 PM
Term
The best way to find the exact distance to the Moon is to...?
Definition
Bounce lasers off the retro reflectors left on the surface by the Apollo landings.
Term
Which theory of the Moon's origin is now most in favor?
Definition
A Mars-sized body struck the young Earth, tilting us over 23.5 degrees and blowing out ejecta that condensed into the Moon
Term
How many significant digits (sd) are there in the number 6080.00mm?
Definition
6
Term
Show the correct scientific notation for 0.0006080.
Definition
6.080 x 10^-4
Term
The difference between clock time and solar time is known as...?
Definition
The equation of Time
Term

Which statement about longitude is correct?

a) It is measured in degrees east and west of G.M.T. on the Earth

b) It is measured by degrees north and south of the equator on the Earth

c) It is measured by who can give the longest altitude

d) It is on the celestial sphere measured by hours

Definition
a) It is measured in degrees east and west of G.M.T. on the Earth
Term
He had a Fake Nose
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
He was burned at the stake.
Definition
Giordano Bruno
Term
He was Brahe's assistant.
Definition
Johannes Kepler
Term
Greek Philosopher to first say that the Earth revolved around the sun.
Definition
Aristarchus
Term
Observed and mapped the stars including a very accurate map of mars' orbital path.
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Produced a Geocentric model that explained retrograde motion.
Definition
Giordano Bruno
Term
Owned a pet moose.
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Proposed the Heliocentric model.
Definition
Nicolas Copernicus
Term
Discovered the four Galilean moons.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Discovered sun spots.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Died of ruptured bladder.
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Discovered that Venus goes through phases just like our moon.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Formulated three laws of planetary motion.
Definition
Johannes Kepler
Term
Created the three laws of motion.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
First to figure out how gravity worked and came up with an equation to work with.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
Said that P^2 = a^3
Definition
Johannes Kepler
Term
The Ptolemaic (or Geocentric) model of the universe had _____ ?
Definition
The Earth at the center.
Term
The Heliocentric model of the universe had....?
Definition
The sun at the center
Term

Retrograde motion can best be described as which on the following?

a) Backwards

b) Up

c) Down

d) Forwards

Definition
a) Backwards
Term

The Ecliptic is defined as...?

a) The path the sun takes in the sky

b) The path the Earth takes around the sun

c) The plane all the planets in the solar system are on

d) The path Uranus takes around the sun

e) All of the above

Definition
e) All of the above
Term
What is inertia?
Definition
The tendency of matter to resist changes in the state of motion
Term
The eccentricity of an ellipse is...?
Definition
The length of the semi-major compared to the focal distance.
Term
An Astronomical Unit (A.U.) is...?
Definition
The average distance from the Earth to the sun.
Term
The square of a planet's period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis.
Definition
Johannes Kepler
Term
Built an observatory called Uraniborg on the Danish island of Hven
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Published his ideas on his death probably due to fear of the Church.
Definition
Copernicus
Term
Discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
Discovered that Venus goes through phases just like our Moon.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Planets move about deferents in circular orbits around the Earth.
Definition
Ptolemy
Term
Planets move about the sun in elliptical orbits.
Definition
Johannes Kepler
Term
An object in motion will continue in straight-line motion unless acted on by an outside force.
Definition
Isaac Newton
Term
He had a fake nose and a pet moose.
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
His ideas were accepted for 1500 years.
Definition
Ptolemy
Term
e made some incredibly precise measurements of starsĀ  and planets (most importantly of Mars).
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
The first to see sun spots with the use of a telescope.
Definition
Galileo Galilee
Term
Died of ruptured bladder.
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Was the first to revisit the Heliocentric idea (sometimes named after himself) since Aristarchus.
Definition
Copernicus
Term
Aphelion is the point in a planetary orbit at which what is true about the planet?
Definition
It is farthest from the sun
Term
The force of gravity between two objects obeys which of the following relationships?
Definition
It is attractive and increases if their masses increase
Term
The Ptolemaic (or Geocentric) model of the universe had..?
Definition
The earth at the center
Term
What is the name given to the phenomenon in which the apparent motion of the superior planets sometimes reverses?
Definition
Retrograde Motion
Term
An Astronomical Unit (AU) is..?
Definition
The average distance from the Earth to the sun
Term
A solar eclipse can only happen duringĀ  a..?
Definition
New moon
Term
How many seconds of arc are in one degree of arc?
Definition
3600
Term
Who is Mr. Grange's favorite scientist ever?
Definition
Tycho Brahe
Term
Theoretically, if the sun and its mass were suddenly to disappear, Earth would...?
Definition
Fly off into space tangential to the original orbit
Term
The eccentricity (e) of an ellipse is..?
Definition
The length of the focal distance compared to the semi-major axis.
Term
If Mercury was suddenly moved farther from the sun, what would happen to the Force of Gravity?
Definition
It would decrease
Term
If a light source is approaching you, you will observe...?
Definition
that all of its spectral lines have become shorter in wavelength
Term
The number of waves passing the observer per second is..?
Definition
The frequency in Hertz
Term
The frequency at which a block body's intensity peaks depends directly on its..?
Definition
temperature
Term

Which statement gives the relationship between the waves in the electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave?

a) They are in pahse and parallel with each other in space

b) They are in phase but opposite in direction of motion

c) They are 90 degrees out of phase but parallel in space

d) They are 180 degrees out of phase and random in their inclinations to each other

e) They are in phase but perpendicular to each other in space

Definition
e) They are in phase but perpendicular to each other in space
Term
The two forms of EMR that reach the Earth's surface well are...?
Definition
Radio and visible light
Term

Which of these is constant for all types of electromagnetic radiation in space?

a) frequency

b) energy

c) speed

d) amplitude

e) wavelength

Definition
c) speed
Term
Light waves differ fundamentally from water or sound waves because...?
Definition
They do not require a material medium for transmission
Term
Which form of EM radiation would be blocked in the stratosphere by ozone?
Definition
ultraviolet
Term
The visible waves carrying the most energy appear to the human eye as..?
Definition
Violet
Term
Of all EM waves, the ones carrying the least energy per photon are...?
Definition
Radio Waves
Term

Which of the following statements about the kelvin scale is true?

a) room temperature is about 300 k

b) degrees Celsius = degrees kelvin +273

c) water freezes at 459 K

d) absolute zero is -273 K

e) water boils at 273 K

Definition
a) room temperature is about 300 K
Term
The distance between successive wave cress defines the _______ of a wave.
Definition
Wavelength
Term
The two forms of EM radiation that penetrate the atmosphere best are...?
Definition
Visible and radio waves
Term
If the star Aldebaran has a peak wavelength of about 700 nm, then its surface temperature is about...?
Definition
4000 K
Term

In the visible part of the EM spectrum, which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

a) ultraviolet

b) blue

c) yellow

d) infrared

e) violet

Definition
e) Violet
Term
Colors appear different to us because of their photons' different...?
Definition
wavelength
Term
Give at least one contribution to astronomy by each of the following scientists:
Galileo Galilee
Definition
Galilean moons, first to use telescope, Venus phases, Moon Craters, sun spots
Term

Which of these forms of EM radiation is typical of sources millions of degrees hot?

a) x-rays

b) radio

c) ultraviolett

d) Infared

e) visible light

Definition
a) x-rays
Term
High energy astronomers are especially interested in..?
Definition
x-rays and gamma rays
Term

Which of the following EMR travel though space at the highest speed?

a) visible light

b) none of the above

c) infrared

d) gamma

e) radio

Definition
b) none of the above
Term
Radial motion can be reveal by spectroscopic analysis using the...?
Definition
the Doppler effect.
Term
Give at least one contribution to astronomy by each of the following scientists:
Tycho Brahe
Definition
Mapped mars, Retrograde motion
Term
Give at least one contribution to astronomy by each of the following scientists:
Johannes Kepler
Definition
Use retrograde maps from Brahe, 3 laws of planetary motion, P^2 = a^3
Term
Give at least one contribution to astronomy by each of the following scientists:
Nicolas Copernicus
Definition
Heliocentric/Copernican Model
Term
Some planets are observed in the sky to undergo retrograde (or backwards) motion. Explain why some planets undergo this phenomenon and other do not.
Definition
Superior planets are further from the sun, so the earth is completing its orbit around the sun faster than the superior planets so it looks as if the planets are going backwards.
Term
Name the planets that undergo retrograde motion, and those that do not. (You can name them each separately, give a general term, or both.)
Definition
Superior Planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto) - Undergo retrograde motion
Inferior Planets (Mercury and Venus) - Do not undergo retrograde motion
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