Term
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Definition
order
reproduction
growth development
energy ulilization
response to environment
evolutionary adaption |
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Term
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Definition
two undeniable facts and one in escapable conclusion:
1. competition for suvival due to overproduction
2. variation of species- no two are the same
CONCLUSION; unequal reproductive success- better traits = better reproducing rates |
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Term
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Definition
| Darwin's conclusion of unequal reproductive success. |
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Term
| What is evidence that all life has a common ancestor? |
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Definition
amino acid chains of the same 20 proteins
evolution
amino acids on left side are only used by proteins |
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Term
| Why do we say life on earth is carbon based? |
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Definition
| 96% of the oxygen exists in molecules of water that is predominately carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| energy providers to cells |
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Term
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Definition
| large molecules built from chains of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
stores energy for cells like fat.
has major ingredients of cell membranes. |
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Term
what are the three domains of life
Which domain do we belong to? |
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Definition
bacteria, Archaea, eukarya
Eukarya- cell has a nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| small molecules that make up one chain of protien |
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Term
| what is the tree of life and what ideas come from it?sss |
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Definition
connections scientists have mapped out between tens of thousands of species.
3 ideas:
all large multicellular organisms represent 3 small branches of one domain
diversity occurs in microscopic realm
branch lengths represent genetic difference between species |
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Term
| what is metabolism and what are the two basic needs of a metabolic organism? |
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Definition
metabolism is chemical reactions that occur in living organisms
provides energry or nurtrients to cells
two basic needs:
source of raw materials
source of energy |
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Term
| 4 types of metabolic classifications? |
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Definition
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph
photohetertroph
chemonetertroph |
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Term
| whats the difference between photoautotroph and chemoautotroph vs photohetertroph and chemohetertroph? |
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Definition
the autotrophs are carbon dioxide sources
the hetertrophs are organic compound sources |
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Term
| what role does water play in metabolism? |
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Definition
allows organic chemicals to float in cells for reaction
transfers chemicals to cells
involved in metabolic reactions |
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Term
| animals vs plants. Which ones are hetereo/ autotrophs? |
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Definition
all animals and some micscopic organisms are heterotrophs- they get their carbon by eating it.
most plants and trees are autotrophs- they get their carbon from themselves. |
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Term
| how does the structure of DNA allow replication to occur? |
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Definition
| the two DNA strands unzip itself to allow new strands build from the base pair rule AT CG resulting in a new replicated strand |
|
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Term
| what is a gene? What is a genome? Genetic code? |
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Definition
instruction for building a single protein
it is the basic function and unit of an organisms heredity
a genome complete sequence of DNA bases in an orgamisn containing all genes and noncoding DNA
Genetic Code set of rules for reading DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| any change in the base sequence of DNA |
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Term
| chemical evolution theory |
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Definition
| life started on earth sponatenously from increasing complex chemical reactions |
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Term
| What experiment suggests the basic building blocks of life could be formed on Early Life? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 3 lines of fossil evidence? |
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Definition
stromalolites
microfossils
isotopic evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| distinct layered structure |
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Term
| where does evidence suggest life first began? |
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Definition
| near deep sea vents or underground |
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Term
| What was the Urey Miller Experiment? |
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Definition
test to see if sunlight fueled chemcial reactions could produce organic materials.
answer? YES THEY CAN |
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Term
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Definition
| basic structure of life on earth |
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Term
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Definition
hydrogen bonded with carbon molecues
simple organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
RNA attach to amino acids into chains to make proteins
TRANSLATES GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS INTO PROTIEN |
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Term
|
Definition
| mRNA assembled along one strand of DNA and transcribes DNA instructions for use in another cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| resting cells produced by some bacteria found in extreme conditions |
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Term
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Definition
idea that life traveled through space to earth
evidence of organic compounds found in meteoids |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular organs that oxygen helps produce energy |
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Term
|
Definition
| structures in plant cells that produce energy through photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
major diversification in geological record
oxygen level increased for survivak for more complex life
climate drastically changed
DNA variations increased |
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Term
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Definition
lacked a nucleus
developed membrane infolding leading for evolution for a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
massive explosion that caused extinction of dinosaurs.
wiped out 75% of life
paved the way for humans |
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Term
| most likely alternative to water? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main environmental requirements for life |
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Definition
molecules to build cells
water to transport
source of energy |
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Term
| why are the moon and mercury unlikely to be habitable? |
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Definition
little water
water not transportable
Moon is too cold for liquid water
Mercury is too hot for liquid water |
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Term
| why wpuld mars be a good candidate for life in the past? |
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Definition
had liquid water
internal heat
water could exist underground |
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Term
| Jupiter and Saturn's habitability |
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Definition
comfortable temperature
strong winds hard to survive |
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Term
| What type of moons are the best candidates for life? |
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Definition
large moons on Jovian planets
ongoing source of internal heat for liquid water |
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Term
| Why are small bodies unlikely to have life? |
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Definition
| no left over internal heating |
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Term
|
Definition
saturn's moon
lakes of methane
smokey and cloudy
only moon with atmosphere
primarily made of nitrogen
high pressure low temperature |
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Term
| What is the volcanic Region on Mars Called? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Volcanic moon
looks like rotten pizza
no impact craters, only volcanic
covered in sulfur |
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Term
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Definition
| largest volcano in solar system |
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Term
| why is there no liquid water on mars? |
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Definition
150 times less pressure than earth
mostly made up of carbon dioxide
water is frozen |
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Term
|
Definition
IO
Euopa
Earth's Moon
Ganyimede
Calliesto |
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Term
|
Definition
most possible for life
cracks in ice
possiblity of subsurface ocean for water
NO CRATERS
tidal flexing |
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Term
|
Definition
small moon of Saturn
two sides- one with craters one with out |
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Term
| Venus, MArs, Earth, ( 3 little bears anaology ) |
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Definition
Venus too cold
Mars too hot
earth JUST RIGHT |
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Term
| Factors affecting surface habitability |
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Definition
distance from central star
power from star
size of planet
thick atmosphere/ magnetic field |
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Term
| what happens beyond inner or outer boundary? |
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Definition
runaway green house effect beyond inner boundary
surface water freezes beyond outer boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| believed mars had an atmosphere similar to earth's |
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Term
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Definition
| observed channels on mars |
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Term
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Definition
| studied the works of Schiaprelli, opened Lowell Observatory and said he observed over 200 cannals but it couldnt be proven. |
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Term
| why do seasons vary on Mars if it shares a similar axis tilt with Earth? |
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Definition
one martian year = twice as long as earth's
seasons have severe temp changes due to mar's southern hemisphere |
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Term
|
Definition
2 polar caps
southern hemisphere- high in elevation and filled with craters
northern hemisphere- few impact craters below martian level
towering volcanoes |
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Term
| What tells the age of mars? |
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Definition
number of craters
radiometric dating of meteroites |
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Term
|
Definition
Nochain (early) - heavy bombardant period
Hesperian (middle)
Amazonian (recent) |
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Term
| what evidence suggests water once flowed on mars? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiters show? |
|
Definition
| showed evidence of dry riverbeds |
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Term
| What makes up atmoshpere? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
blue
yellow
red gas giant
nebula
black holes |
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Term
|
Definition
no planets
wide habitabilty
lifetime too short for planet formation |
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Term
|
Definition
hot
not likely for life because radioactive emissions
life too short |
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Term
|
Definition
Earth!
7% of all stars in this category
emits moderate amounts of UV radiation |
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Term
|
Definition
gas giants
90% of all stars
long lifetimes
has a violent surface
narrow habitable zone |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what depends if like is on another star? |
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Definition
nature of parent star
plaents in habitable zone
size composition of planet |
|
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Term
| what is the habitable zone |
|
Definition
| range of distances similar to the earth from the sun that life could be in |
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Term
| whats needed in a habitable zone? |
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Definition
source of liquid
evolution in its distance away from zone |
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Term
| Where can life exist beyond habitable zone? |
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Definition
small pockets of subsurface groundwater
planet's that can self regulate through internal heating
another source of liquid water |
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Term
| why do we believe venus and earth outgasses similar amounts of carbon? |
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Definition
| share similar compositions and sizes |
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Term
| Where should we expect to find water on Venus? |
|
Definition
there is none due to ultraviolent light.
if there's any, its in the atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
| what is the runaway greenhouse effect |
|
Definition
| greenhouse gases drive temps to their extremes leading to carbon dioxide to be released into atmosphere |
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Term
| Why do we believe Venus couldve had water? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| location of inner boundary effected by distance from the sun? |
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Definition
Earth placed outside 0.84AU from sun causes runaway greenhouse effect.
placed 0.95AU , moist greenhouse would occur amd lead to loss of oceans |
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Term
| how does the sun brighten? |
|
Definition
fusing hydrogen and helium
causes a decrease in particles
core shrinks
temperature increases |
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Term
| when will earth become inhabitable? |
|
Definition
a billion years from now
result from moist greenhouse effect evaporating oceans |
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Term
| why do we expect the sun to die? |
|
Definition
it will eventually run out of hydrogen
burn out to only a center core that would eventually burn out and only photons of light would exist in darkness |
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