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| List the steps of science. How does it differ from theology? |
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Definition
1) Take Data
2) Make a model (usually mathematical)
3) Compare with reality
(When we're wrong we're happy.) |
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Definition
| The path of the sun through the stars |
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Definition
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Term
| Using the Apollo mission as an example, explain least energy orbit. |
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Definition
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Term
| DEFINE: Launch Constraint |
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Definition
| A condition that must exist for a successful shuttle launch. |
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Term
| List at least four launch constraints for the Apollo mission. |
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Definition
1) Moon in correct position
2) Need shadows
3) LOS at Burn #2
4) Direct LOS after landing on target
(5) Land at TV primetime |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass concentration of the moon |
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Term
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Definition
| How big something must be to excite a pixel |
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Term
| List the three types of probes. |
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Definition
1) Fly-by: Best payload, not wasting fuel for burn #2&3; one look resolution varies
2) Orbiter: Medium payload; lower resolution; many looks
3) Lander: small payload; best resolution |
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Term
| Give Newton's laws AND what they mean. |
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Definition
1) An object remains at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. How we see a force.
2) F = MA. How we measure a force.
3) For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. How we build rockets. |
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Term
| Discuss S & P waves. What do they tell us? Draw a diagram. |
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss the accepted theory of Earth/Moon formation. |
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Definition
| A large mass about the size of Mars struck the forming Earth. This give equal ages & explains density. |
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Term
| Discuss the Foucault Pendulum. What does it prove? |
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Definition
| It is a pendulum that shows that the Earth rotates. It proves the heliocentric theory. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An Earth centered orbit. (Epicycles.) |
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Term
| DEFINE: Retrograde Motion |
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Definition
| The apparent backwards movement of planets. |
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Term
| Draw a diagram & show the heliocentric theory for retrograde motion. Why was it initially accepted? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Given several possibilities the least complex will be correct. |
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Term
| List the types of continental drift and something associated with each. |
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Definition
1) Rift: split apart --> Pillow Lava
2) Subduction: one plate slips under another --> Plume Volcano
3) Collision: hit --> mountains
4) Fault: slips past another --> earthquakes
5) Hotspot: Higher density lava |
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Term
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Definition
| The position of the sun at the same time each day. |
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Term
| Discuss why the Earth should have a magnetic field. |
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Definition
1) Need a spinning object --> Foucault Pendulum
2) Production of free electrons --> from S & P waves
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Draw a diagram and discuss the Van Allen Belts |
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Definition
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Term
DEFINE:
Ionizing Radiation |
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Definition
| High speed charged particles. |
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Term
| Discuss how we see long & short term pole shifts. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the moon & sun are perpendicular to the Earth. Lowest possible tides. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the moon & sun line up with the Earth. Highest possible tides. |
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Term
| Discuss why tides happen & what is the long-term effect. |
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Definition
| Since the water is closer to the sun/moon & the Earth is (semi) rigid, we see water lifting toward the sun/moon. Since the continents stop the water, it slows the Earth's rotation. |
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Term
| Give the optical law, draw the light path, & give the advantage/disadvantage of a reflecting telescope. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scattering of light by a surface. |
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Term
DEFINE:
Chromatic Abberation |
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Definition
| The scattering of light into colors. |
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Term
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Definition
1) ≈90% are silicon based.
2) ≈10% are iron
3) They have water on them
4) Orbits Vary
5) Many seem to organize in the asteroid belt. |
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Term
| Draw a crater on the moon & give major elements. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Material ejected by a major impact. |
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Term
| Derive Keplar's 3rd Law for the circular case. |
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss how you find latitude & longitude. |
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Definition
1) Latitude = Angle of North Star
2) Longitude = need good charts & clocks |
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Term
| What's the three types of solar eclipse. |
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Definition
1) Total: At node & perigee
2) Annular: At node but not perigee
3) Partial: Near node |
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Term
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Definition
| The intersection of two orbits. |
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Term
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Definition
The point at which a planetary body is closest to the earth.
[Perilously (PERI) close to the earth (GEO).] |
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Term
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Definition
The point at which a planetary body is closest to the sun.
[Perilously (PERI) close to the helion(hell-->sun).]
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Term
Give the optical law, draw the light path, & give the advantage/disadvantage of a refracting telescope.
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Definition
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