Term
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Definition
Peak Expiratory flow Rate = maximum rate of flow achieved after a sudden forced expiration from a full inspiration. |
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Term
| What are the benefits and limitations of PEFR? |
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Definition
Benefits: good for day-to-day monitoring cheap and easy to use Limitations: easily confounded by technique and effort |
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Term
| What are the 3 main measurements used in spirometry? |
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Definition
FVR - Forced Vital Capacity
FEV1 = Forced Expiratory volume in 1 sec
FEV1/FVC = Ratio - in healthy adults should be greater than 75-80% |
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Term
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Definition
| Forced Vital Capacity = maximum amount of air that can be expired from the lungs, during forced expiration after a full inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec = The maximum amount of air that can be expired from the lungs during the first second of a forced expiration. |
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Term
| give an example of a condition where the FEV1:FVC may be over-estimated. |
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Definition
| Restrictive lung disease = Pulmonary Fibrosis |
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Term
| give and example of a condition where the FEV1:FVC is reduced. |
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Definition
| Obstructive lung disease = COPD/Asthma |
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Term
| Define respiratory failure |
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Definition
| = failure of lungs to maintain adequate gas exchange. Hypoxaemia (Pa02 < 60mmhg/8kPa) +/- Hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45mmHg/6.7kPa) |
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Term
| Describe Type 1 Respiratory failure and what causes it. |
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Definition
= Hypoxaemia without hypercapnia.
(Pa02<60mmHg/8kPa, PaCO2 normal)
Patient = cyanotic and restless
Causes: VQ mismatch - ie PE
Shunts
Disease of lung tissue - emphysema |
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Term
| Describe Type 2 respiratory failure and what causes it. |
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Definition
= hypoxaemia and hypercapnia
(PaO2<60mmhg/8kPA, PaCO2>45mmhg/6.7kPa)
Patient = flapping tremor, bounding pulse, warm peripheries, headache
Causes: build up of CO2 that body has generated. Caused by resistance to breathing - eg asthma/COPD, or decreased breathing effort - eg stroke/neuromuscular disease. |
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