Term
| The MMPI was published in... |
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Definition
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Term
| The empirical keying approach is... |
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Definition
| responses to individual test items were treated as unknowns and empirical item analysis was utilized to identify test items that differentiated between criterion groups ("normals" and psychiatric patients). |
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Term
| Clinical Scale Development... |
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Definition
| An item analysis was conducted separately for each of the clinical groups to identify the items in the pool of 504 that differentiated significantly between the specific clinical group and the normal group. |
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Term
| What are the Clinical Scales? |
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Definition
1 Hypochondriasis (Hs)
2 Depression (D)
3 Hysteria (Hy)
4 Psychopathic Deviant (Pd)
5 Masculinity-Femininity (Mf)
6 Paranoia (Pa)
7 Psychasthenia (Pt)
8 Schizophrenia (Sc)
9 Hypomania (Ma)
0 Social Introversion (Si) |
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Term
| What are the Validity Scales on the MMPI? |
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Definition
| The Cannot Say Score, the L scale or Lie Scale, The Infrequency (F) scale, the Correction (K) scale. |
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Term
| What does the Cannot Say Score measure? |
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Definition
| It looks at the total number of items that the individual either omitted or responded to as true and false. |
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Term
| What does the L scale or Lie scale measure? |
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Definition
| Designed to detect unsophisticated and naive attempts of the individual to present themselves in an overly favorable way either due to conscious deception or unrealistic view of self, poor insight due to denial flaws, or low tolerance for stress. |
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Term
| What does the Infrequency (F) scale measure? |
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Definition
| Designed to detect people who responded to the items without reading or understanding the content or measures the extent to which a person answers in an atypical and deviant manner. |
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Term
| What does the Correction (K) Scale measure? |
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Definition
| Designed to detect clinical defensiveness, describes self in an overly favorable light or denying difficulties. |
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Term
| The modified approach to the MMPI-Code Types is? |
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Definition
| Instead of being used to diagnose new patients it is now used to give a behavioral description. |
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Term
| What are some of the reasons for the revision of the MMPI? |
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Definition
| It was the most frequently used personality test in the U.S., it had not been revised since 1943, the original standardization sample was not adequate, there was concern regarding the item content, it had not undergone editorial review, and it was too narrow in scope. |
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Term
| How many items were used in the restandardization process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What normative data was used for the MMPI-2? |
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Definition
| 2900 participants, about equal men and women, representing the 1980 census data for race/ethnicity, and an age range of 18-85. |
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Term
| When was the adolescent version published? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the final version of the MMPI-2 published? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Validity Scales on the MMPI-2? |
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Definition
| Cannot Say(?), Lie(L), Infrequency(F), Correction(K), Variable Response Inconsistency(VRIN), True Response Inconsistency(TRIN), Back F (Fb), Infrequency Pathology (Fp), Superlative Self-Presentation (S), and Symptom Validity (FBS). |
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Term
| What is the cutoff score for the ? Scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the VRIN scale measure? |
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Definition
| Questions that should be answered in a consistent manner, but aren't. |
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Term
| What are the high numbers for the VRIN for the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the TRIN measure? |
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Definition
| Comprises pairs of items that are opposites. |
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Term
| What is the high number for the MMPI-2 for the TRIN? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the high T scores for the F scale? |
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Definition
| For inpatients: T=100, for outpatient: T=90, for nonclinical: T=80, for adolescents: T=79 |
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Term
| What does the F back scale measure? |
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Definition
| Designed to identify a "fake bad" for the last 197 items added to the MMPI-2. |
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Term
| What are the high T scores for the F back scale? |
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Definition
| Nonclinical: T=90, Clinical: T=110 |
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Term
| What does the Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale measure? |
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Definition
| Indicates faking psychopathology among psychiatric patients. |
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Term
| What is the high T score for the Infrequency-Psychopathology scale? |
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Definition
| T=94 for men and 97 for women. |
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Term
| What does the FBS scale measure? |
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Definition
| Indicates faking bad or malingering especially for personal injury claims. |
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Term
| What is the high T score for the FBS scale? |
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Definition
| Moderately indicative if T=22, highly indicative if T=28. |
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Term
| What is the the high T for the L scale? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the high T score for the K scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the S scale measure? |
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Definition
| Designed to more accurately detect persons attempting to appear overly virtuous. |
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Term
| What is the high T score for the S Scale? |
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Definition
| T>70 in clinical settings, T>75 in nonclinical settings. |
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Term
| What is the test-retest reliability for the MMPI-2 clinical scales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the internal consistency reliability for the MMPI-2 clinical scales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is helps create the highest incremental validity for the MMPI-2? |
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Definition
| Adding the clients social history. |
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Term
| What clinical scales tend to be elevated for adolescents? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should new norms be developed for different ethnic groups for the MMPI-2? |
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Definition
| In general it would be premature to develop new norms for any ethnic groups because SES and age explain most of the variance. |
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Term
| What ethnic group tends to score higher on a number of scales? |
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Definition
| Native Americans tend to score higher on a number of scales, but these should be interpreted cautiously because most differences are accounted for with cultural considerations. |
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Term
| What T scale scores are considered to be high for the clinical scales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does scale 1 - Hypochondriasis show? |
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Definition
| They have excessive bodily concerns, may have conversion disorder, may have somatic delusions, describe somatic complaints that are vague, but if specific are likely to include chronic pain, headaches, and GI discomfort. |
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Term
| What does Scale 2 - Depression show? |
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Definition
| Display depressive symptoms, feel depressed, sad, blue, unhappy, and dysphoric, hopeless, and pessimistic about the future. Talk about committing suicide, have had suicide attempts, have feelings of self-depreciation and guilt. |
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Term
| What does Scale 3 - Hysteria show? |
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Definition
| Extraverted, dramatic, attention seeking, highly conforming, immature, naive, childlishly self-centered. Reacts to stress and avoid responsibility by developing physical symptoms. Have symptoms that may appear and disappear suddenly. Often show an enthusiastic, optimistic initial response to therapy based on strong need to be liked but slow to gain insight. |
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Term
| What does Scale 4 - Psychopathic Deviate show? |
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Definition
| Has difficulty incorporating the values and standards of society. May engage in asocial acts, including lying, cheating, stealing, sexual acting out, and excessive use of alcohol and/or other drugs. Rebellious toward authority figures. |
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Term
| What do high scores on scale 5 - Masculinity-Femininity? |
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Definition
For males - a lack of stereotypical masculine interests, has aesthetic and artistic interests, and are likely to participate in housekeeping and child rearing to a greater extent than many men.
For females - May be rejecting of a very traditional female role, are likely to be interested in sports, hobbies, and other activities that are stereotypically more masculine than feminine, are seen as assertive and competitive. |
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Term
| What do low scores on Scale 5 - Masculinity-Femininity show? |
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Definition
For males - present themselves as extremely masculine, tend to have stereotypically masculine preferences in work, hobbies, and other activities.
For females - Have stereotypically feminine interests, are likely to derive satisfaction from their roles as spouses or mothers, may be traditionally feminine or more androgynous. |
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Term
| What does extreme elevations on Scale 6 - Paranoia show? |
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Definition
| May exhibit frankly psychotic behavior, may have disturbed thinking, delusions of persecution or grandeur, and ideas of reference. |
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Term
| What does moderate elevations on Scale 6 - Paranoia show? |
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Definition
| Highly suspicious, vengeful, brooding, resentful, and angry, have a paranoid orientation. Tend to be excessively sensitive and overly responsive to the opinions of others. Psychotherapy may be extremely difficult because of their suspiciousness. |
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Term
| What does high elevations on Scale 7 - Psychasthenia show? |
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Definition
| Apprehensive, worrying, perfectionistic, tense, difficulty concentrating, are high-strung, often report feeling sad and unhappy, complain of fatigue and exhaustion, usually highly motivated to change. |
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Term
| What does an elevated score on Scale 8 - Schizophrenia show? |
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Definition
| May have psychotic disorder, may be confused, disorganized, and disoriented, may be socially and emotionally alienated, may show extremely poor judgement, may report unusual thoughts, attitudes, or hallucinations. |
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Term
| What does an elevated score on Scale 9 - Hypomania show? |
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Definition
| Are overactive, have unrealistic self-appraisal, often do not see projects through to completion, possible perceived as creative, enterprising, and ingenious, but what they can actually accomplish is unrealistic. |
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Term
| What does an elevated score on Scale 0 - Social Introversion show? |
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Definition
| Feel uncomfortable in group interactions, may have poorly developed social skills, self-effacing, lacking in self-confidence, submissive, shy, and may be especially uncomfortable around members of the opposite sex. |
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Term
| When can code types be interpreted? |
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Definition
| Defined Code Types can be interpreted whenever the scales in the code types have a T score greater than 60. Code Type interpretations often produce more accurate and clinically useful interpretations than merely interpreting individual scales. |
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Term
| In general, what is the reliability and validity of the Content Scales like? |
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Definition
| The content scales tend to have much stronger internal consistency reliability and validity. |
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Term
| What are the Content Scales used for? |
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Definition
| The Content Scales are used to refine the meanings of the clinical scales and as treatment clarifications. |
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Term
| What are the Content Scales? |
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Definition
| ANX-Anxiety, FRS-Fears, OBS-Obsessiveness, DEP-Depression, HEA-Health Concerns, BIZ-Bizarre Mentation, ANG-Anger, CYN-Cynicism, ASP-Antisocial, TPA-Type A, LSE-Low Self-esteem, SOD-Social Discomfort, FAM-Family Problems, WRK-Work Interference, TRT-Negative Treatment Indicators. |
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Term
| What are the two different content scales on the MMPI-A? |
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Definition
| The Adolescent Problems and Adolescent School Problems replace the Type A and Work Interference scales. |
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Term
| What are the Content Component Scales used for? |
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Definition
| The Content Component Scales are used to enhance the interpretation. |
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Term
| How many Supplementary Scales are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the high scores generally on the Supplementary Scales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the A/Anxiety Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scores indicate that the person is upset, shy, retiring, insecure, has low self-confidence, under stress, has extreme difficulty making decisions. |
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Term
| What does the R/Repression Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers tend to be submissive, over-controlled, slow, conventional, go to great lengths to avoid unpleasant interpersonal situations. |
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Term
| What does the Es/Ego Strength Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| Assesses the degree to which the client is likely to benefit from therapy. High scorers are adaptable and have good reality contact; tolerant, balanced, alert, have sense of reality. |
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Term
| What does the D/Dominance Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers are self-confident, realistic, task-oriented; feel a sense of self-duty to others; competent to solve problems. |
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Term
| What does the Re/Responsibility Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers possess high standards, a strong sense of justice and fairness, strong adherence to values; trustworthy; often used in personnel screening. |
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Term
| What does the Mt/College Maladjustment Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers indicate general maladjustment among college students; anxious, procrastinators, somatasize stress, ineffectual, pessimistic. |
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Term
| What does the PK/Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers indicate emotional distress, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, guilt. Scale does not determine that trauma has occurred, but indicate that the symptoms are consistent with trauma. |
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Term
| What does the MDS/Marital Distress Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scores indicate the person is experiencing marital distress. MDS should only be interpreted for married persons. |
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Term
| What does the HO/Hostility Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers are cynical, mistrusting, suspicious, unfriendly and angry; however, they may not express hostility overtly. |
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Term
| What does the O-H/Overcontrolled Hostility Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers are emotionally constricted, have bottled up anger, and may overreact, becoming physically or verbally aggressive. Best used to understand past behavior, but not predict future behavior. |
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Term
| What does the MAC-R/MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| Is considered a measure of potential for substance abuse. It differentiates between outpatient alcoholics and nonalcoholic psychiatric outpatients and identifies persons who are at risk. |
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Term
| What does the AAS/Addiction Acknowledgement Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scores suggest a conscious awareness of and willingness to share information related to drug and alcohol-related problems. It is the most sensitive MMPI-2 scale for detecting substance abuse. |
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Term
| What does the APS/Addiction Potential Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers have a considerable number of lifestyle and personality factors consistent with those who abuse alcohol and/or drugs. Does not measure current use, but potential for developing such problems. |
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Term
| What does the GM/Masculine Gender Role Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| Persons who score high (both males and females) are likely to be self-confident, deny feeling afraid or worried, and be persistent in pursuing their goals. Females-likely to be honest unworried, and willing to explore new things. Males(high GM; low Gf)- stereotypic male interests and orientation. |
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Term
| What does the GF/Feminine Gender Role Supplementary Scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers suggest the endorsement of stereotypically feminine interests and orientations. May also suggest religiosity. Male high scorers may be hypercritical and bossy. Scale needs more research. |
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Term
| What does the MAC-R/MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| High scorers suggest that the person is similar to others who have alcohol or drug problems; dominant, assertive, egocentric, self-indulgent. |
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Term
| What does the ACK/Alcohol Drug Acknowledgement Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| Persons who score high have a conscious awareness of and willingness to admit to alcohol and/or drug-related problems. |
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Term
| What does the PRO/Alcohol Drug Proneness Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| High scorers suggests that the person is prone to developing drug and/or alcohol-related problems and school and home behavior problems. |
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Term
| What does the IM/Immaturity Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| High scorers are untrustworthy, undependable, boisterous, quickly become angry, easily frustrated, may tease or bully. |
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Term
| What does the A/Anxiety Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| General maladjustment, anxiety, distress. |
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Term
| What does the R/Repression Supplementary Scale on the MMPI-A show? |
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Definition
| Submissive, conventional, works hard to avoid unpleasant or disagreeable situations. |
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Term
| What are some differences of the MMPI-2-RF? |
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Definition
| It was developed by Ben-Porath & Tellegen in 2008. It is based on a subset of the MMPI-2 pool and utilizes the MMPI-2 normative sample. The validity scales have been retained. Many of the scales represent a refinement of the standard Clinical scales. Been reduced in length to 388 items. The core of the MMPI-2-RF are the restructured Clinical scales and the Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales. |
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Term
| How were the Restructured Clinical Scales developed? |
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Definition
| In 2003, Tellegen et al. developed a set of clinical scales to help isolate the core features of the clinical scales. Process included using Factor Analysis to develop a general demoralization scale (RCd/Demoralization). By extracting all items in the demoralization scale from any of the clinical scales, initial ("seed") scales were developed that more closely assessed core features of the clinical scales. These seed scales were further refined to become final Restructured Clinical Scales. |
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Term
| What are the Restructured Clinical scales used for? |
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Definition
| They are recommended to refine the meaning of the clinical scales. |
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Term
| What does the RCd/Demoralization scale show? |
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Definition
| Discouraged, pessimistic, poor self-esteem, sense of failure, emotional discomfort, helpless, anxious, somatic symptoms. |
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Term
| What does the RC1/Somatic Complaints scale show? |
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Definition
| Presence of significant health difficulties, somatization of physical complaints, constant worry about physical health. |
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Term
| What does the RC2/Low Positive Emotions scale show? |
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Definition
| Withdrawn, passive, self-critical, insufficient energy to deal with life; isolated, bored, little ability to experience pleasure. |
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Term
| What does the RC3/Cynicism scale show? |
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Definition
| High scorers are perceived as uncaring, untrustworthy, and will readily exploit others; in contrast, low scorers are likely to be gullible, naive, and trust others too readily. |
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Term
| What does the RC4/Antisocial Behavior scale show? |
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Definition
| Angry, argumentative, aggressive, nonconforming, legal difficulties, lying, cheating, stealing, substance abuse, and sexual acting out. |
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Term
| What does the RC6/Ideas of Persecution scale show? |
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Definition
| Feels they are being controlled and victimized by external forces, feels mistreated, has difficulty trusting others. |
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Term
| What does the RC7/Dysfuntional Negative Emotions scale show? |
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Definition
| Anxious, irritable, general unhappiness and helplessness, interpersonal sensitivity, ruminates, guilt. |
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Term
| What does the RC8/Aberrant Experiences scale show? |
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Definition
| Cognitive, motor, perceptual, and sensory disturbances; possible visual, auditory, or olfactory hallucinations, high scores suggest impaired ability to test reality. |
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Term
| What does the RC9/Hypomanic Activation scale show? |
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Definition
| High energy, elevated mood, minimal need for sleep, grandiosity, risk taking, poor impulse control; T>75 manic episode. |
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Term
| What does the AGGR Aggressiveness scale show? |
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Definition
| Enjoys intimidating others, aggression used to accomplish goals, dominant, history of being physically abusive, antisocial. |
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Term
| What does the PSYC Psychoticism scale show? |
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Definition
| Delusions of reference, disorganized thinking, tangential, bizarre, disoriented, depressed. |
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Term
| What does the DISC Disconstraint scale show? |
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Definition
| Risk taking, nontraditional, impulsive, easily bored, antisocial, history of having been arrested. |
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Term
| What does the NEGE Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism show? |
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Definition
| Worry, guilty, self-critical, think in terms of worst-case scenario, dysthymic, anxious, few/no friends, somatic symptoms. |
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Term
| What does the INTR Introversion/Low Emotionality scale show? |
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Definition
| Depressed, sad, low achievement orientation, introverted, anxious pessimistic, somatic complaints. |
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Term
| How are other MMPI-2-RF Scales used? |
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Definition
| Other MMPI-2-RF scales are considered experimental and are used sparingly. |
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Term
| How was the Personality Psychopahtology Five (PSY-5) Scale developed? |
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Definition
| Special clusters of supplementary scales developed by Harkness (2002) used laypersons to come up with easily understandable personality constructs. T=65 |
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Term
| What are some features of the MCMI-III (number of items, who its designed for, minimum reading level)? |
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Definition
| It is a 175-item, self-report questionnaire, for adults age 18 years and older, and a minimum 8th grade reading level. |
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Term
| What are the norms used on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
| 998 Psychiatric patients from US and Canada, 54% Men and 46% Women, 52% Outpatients, 26% Inpatients, 8% Corrections. Age range 18-88. 82% high school graduates. 86% White. |
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Term
| What are the norms used for the new Corrections Report for the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
| 1,676 male and female inmates. |
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Term
| What are the 11 Moderate Personality Disorder Scales on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
1-Schizoid
2A- Avoidant
2B- Depressive
3- Dependent
4- Histrionic
5- Narcissistic
6A- Antisocial
6B- Sadistic (Aggressive)
7- Compulsive
8A- Negative (Passive-Aggressive)
8B- Masochistic (Self-defeating) |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 severe Personality Disorder Scales on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
S- Schizotypal
C- Borderline
P- Paranoid |
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Term
| What are the moderate Clinical Syndrome Scales on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
A- Anxiety
H- Somatoform
N- Bipolar: Manic
D- Dysthamia
B- Alcohol Dependence
T- Drug Dependence
R- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Term
| What are the Severe Clinical Syndrome Scales on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
SS- Thought Disorder
CC- Major Depression
PP- Delusional Disorder |
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Term
| What are the Correction Scales of the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
Modyifing Indices (X-Disclosure, Y-Desirability, Z-Debasement)
Random Response Indicators (V-Invalidity, W-Inconsistency) |
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|
Term
| What is the internal consistency reliability of the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
| >80 for 20 of the 26 scales. |
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|
Term
| What is the Test-Retest Reliability of the MCMI-III? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the 14 Personality Disorders Scale coordinate with? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the 10 Clinical Syndrome Scales coordinate with on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do the 42 Grossman Personality Facet Scales measure on the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
| They are designed to help clinicians interpret elevations on the Clinical Personality Patterns and the Severe Personality Pathology Scales. |
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Term
| Why did Millon not use T scores? |
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Definition
| T scores were seen as inappropriate because they assume a normal population distribution instead of psychiatric patients, so Base Rates (BR) were used. |
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Term
| What BR represents the median for all patients? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What BR scores signify the presence of clinically significant personality traits for the Personality Scales? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What BR score suggests the presence of a personality disorder on the Personality Scale? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What BR indicates the presence of a syndrome for the Clinical Syndrome Scale. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What BR score indicates the prominence of a syndrome on the Clinical Syndrome Scale? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What population is the MCMI-III used for? |
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Definition
| Psychiatric populations only |
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|
Term
| What gender influences are seen for the MCMI? |
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Definition
| They are minimized by using separate norms for scoring. |
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|
Term
| What differences are seen between various ethnicities? |
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Definition
| African Americans and European Americans are different on 9 of the 20 MCMI Scales. |
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Term
| What scales do African Americans score higher on on the MCMI? |
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Definition
| Antisocial, Narcissistic, Paranoid, Hypomania, and Drug Abuse scales. |
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|
Term
| What age differences are seen on the MCMI? |
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Definition
| Older persons score higher on Dependent, but lower on Compulsive and Borderline scales. |
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|
Term
| When should the MCMI not be administered? |
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Definition
| If patients are confused, overly sedated, or intoxicated. |
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|
Term
| When can the MCMI not be interpreted? |
|
Definition
| If gender is not indicated, if age is less than 18, or if more than 12 items have been left unanswered. |
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Term
| What does the Validity Index (Scale V) consist of? |
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Definition
| Three improbable statements. If two or more of these are answered true, the test is not valid. |
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Term
| What does the Disclosure Index (Scale X) identify? |
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Definition
| Patients who are unnecessarily secretive and defensive (low scores) or openly frank and self-revealing (high scores). Scores <34 and >178 invalidate the profile. |
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Term
| What does the Desirability (Scale Y) assess? |
|
Definition
| The extent to which a respondent attempts to present him/herself in an overly favorable light. BR scores >74 suggest denial of psychological problems but do not invalidate the profile. |
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|
Term
| What does the Debasement Scale (Scale Z) detect? |
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Definition
| Exaggeration of psychological problems and symptoms, BR>74. Scale Z elevations do not invalidate the profile. |
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Term
| What does the Schizoid (1) scale suggest? |
|
Definition
| Individuals are socially detached; prefer solitary activities; seem aloof, apathetic, and distant; measures severe relationship deficits and restricted emotional expression. |
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Term
| What does the Avoidant (2A.) suggest? |
|
Definition
| Individuals are socially anxious due to perceived expectations of rejection. Clinical elevations on 2A combined with elevations on 8A suggest psychological maladjustment. |
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|
Term
| What does the Depressive (2B) scale suggest? |
|
Definition
| Individuals are downcast and gloomy, even in the absence of clinical depression. |
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Term
| What does the Dependent (3) Scale suggest? |
|
Definition
| Individuals are passive, submissive, and feel inadequate. They generally lack autonomy and initiative. If the patient is clinically depressed, wait for the depression to abate before diagnosing the personality as dependent. |
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Term
| What does the Histrionic (4) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are gregarious, with a strong need to be at the center of attention. They can be highly manipulative, and this may suggest a histrionic personality style rather than a Histrionic Personality Disorder. |
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Term
| What does the Narcissistic (5) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are self-centered, exploitative, arrogant, and egotistical. |
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Term
| What does the Antisocial (6A) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are irresponsible, vengeful, engage in criminal behavior and are strongly independent. |
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Term
| What does the Aggressive/Sadistic (6B) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are controlling and abusive, they enjoy humiliating others. |
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Term
| What does the Compulsive (7) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are orderly, organized, efficient, and perfectionistic. They engage in these behaviors to avoid chastisement from authority. |
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Term
| What does Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) (8A) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are disgruntled, argumentative, petulant, oppositional, negavistic, they keep others on edge. |
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Term
| What does Self-Defeating (8B) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals seem to engage in behaviors that result in people taking advantage of and abusing them. They act like a martyr and are self-sacrificing. |
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Term
| What does the Schizotypal (S) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals seem "spacey", self-absorbed, flat affect, idiosyncratic, eccentric, and cognitively confused. |
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Term
| What does the Borderline (C) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals display a labile affect and erratic behavior. They are emotionally intense, often dissatisfied and depressed, and may become self-destructive. |
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Term
| What does the Paranoid (P) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are rigid and defensive. They hold delusions of influence and persecution. They are mistrusting and may become angry and belligerent. Drug addicts often obtain mildly elevated scores on this scale, but they are not usually paranoid in the clinical sense. |
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Term
| What does Anxiety Disorder (A) suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are anxious, tense, apprehensive, and physiologically overaroused. |
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Term
| What does Somatoform Disorder (H) suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are preoccupied with vague physical problems with no known organic cause. They tend to be hypochondriacal and somaticizing. An important function of these complaints is to gain sympathy, attention, or medical reassurance. |
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Term
| What does Bipolar: Manic Disorder (N) suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals have excessive energy and are overactive, impulsive, unable to sleep, and are manic. |
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Term
| What does Dysthymic Disorder (D) suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are able to maintain day-to-day functions but are depressed, pessimistic, and dysphoric. They have low self-esteem and feel inadequate. Good measure of chronic, mild depression. |
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Term
| What does the Alcohol Dependence (B) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals admit to serious problems with alcohol and/or endorse personality traits often associated with abusing alcohol. Are likely to be having family, social distress secondary to alcohol use. |
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Term
| What does the Drug Dependence (T) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals admit to serious problems with drugs and/or endorse personality traits often associated with abusing drugs. |
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Term
| What does the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (R) Scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals report unwarranted and intrusive memories and/or nightmares of a disturbing, traumatic event; they may have flashbacks. Designed to detect both military and civilian trauma. |
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Term
| What does the Thought Disorder (SS) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals experience thought disorder of psychotic proportions; they often report hallucinations and delusions. |
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Term
| What does the Major Depression (CC) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are severely depressed to the extent that they are unable to function in day-to-day activities. They have vegetative signs of clinical depression (poor appetite and sleep, low energy, loss of interests) and feel hopeless and helpless. |
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Term
| What does the Delusional Disorder (PP) scale suggest? |
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Definition
| Individuals are acutely paranoid with delusions and irrational thinking. |
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Term
| What does the Grossman Facet Scale measure? |
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Definition
| The essential features of each personality disorder. Inspection of these scales allows the clinician to produce more a more refined interpretation. |
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Term
| What steps should be followed when interpreting the MCMI-III? |
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Definition
Step 1: Examine the Validity Indices.
Step 2: Examine the Severe Personality Pathology Scales (interpret these scales first)
Step 3: Examine the Clinical Personality Patterns
Step 4: Examine the Clinical Syndrome Scales
Step 5: Interpret Meaning Symptoms Within the Context of the Client's Personality Style/Disorder
Step 6: Integrate Test Findings with Other Sources of Data |
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