Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which lung is more narrow? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many lobes does the right lung have and what are they called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what divides the RUL and the RML? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what divides the RML and RLL? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what parts make up the sternum? |
|
Definition
| suprasternal notch, manubrium, angle of louis, body, xyphoid process |
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|
Term
| what is different about ribs 8-10? |
|
Definition
| they connect to rib 7, not the sternum |
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|
Term
| what is different about ribs 11 and 12? |
|
Definition
| they do not connect anteriorally |
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|
Term
| how lobes does the left lung have, and what are they called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what divides the LUL and the LLL? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines the outside of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the costodiaphragmatic recess? |
|
Definition
| its located below the lungs and compromises lung exapnsion when it is abnormally filled with air or fluid |
|
|
Term
| where does the trachea begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the trachea bifurcate? |
|
Definition
| below sternal angle at T4 and T5 |
|
|
Term
| what does the trachea bifurcate into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the major functions of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| supply oxygen to body for energy, remove carbon dioxide, maintain homeostasis (acid-base balance) of arterial blood, maintain heat exchange |
|
|
Term
| what controls involuntary respirations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the increase in carbon dioxide in the blood called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal stimulus to breathe |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for a decrease in oxygen in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? |
|
Definition
| in contracts, descends, and flattens |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the diaphragm during expiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the prevalence in TB? |
|
Definition
| 29% hispanic,26% asian, 26% black, 17% white, 1% american indian/ alaskan native, <1% other- highly prevalent in minority groups |
|
|
Term
| prevalence of asthma hospital visits |
|
Definition
| 37.2% african american and 26% hispanic |
|
|
Term
| health history question related to respiratory |
|
Definition
| cough, SOB, chest pain with breathing, history of respiratory infections, smoking history, environmental exposure, self-care behaviors |
|
|
Term
| inspection of posterior chest |
|
Definition
| shape and configuration (spinous processes, thorax symmetry, anteroposteriordiameter), neck and trapezius muscles, position, skin color and condition |
|
|
Term
| what is different with barrel chest anteroposteriordiameter ex.emphysema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| psoterior chest inspection difference with COPD |
|
Definition
| necks muscles are hypertrophic and sit in tripod position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temp, tenderness, moisture, symmetrical chest expansion (T9 or T10), tactile fremitus (5 places) |
|
|
Term
| tacticle fremitus is increased over areas of ___ |
|
Definition
| consolidation ex.pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| tactile fremitus is decreased over areas of ___ |
|
Definition
| obstruction of transmission of vibrations ex. emphysema, obstructed bronchi |
|
|
Term
| factors that affect intensity of tactile fremitus |
|
Definition
| location of bronchi to chest wall, thickness of chest wall, pitch and intensity |
|
|
Term
| purpose of percussion of posterior chest |
|
Definition
| to determine if underlying tissues are air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid (9 places) |
|
|
Term
| types of percussion notes |
|
Definition
| ressonance- air filled, low-pitched, clear and hollow; hyperressonanace- lower pitched, booming, too much air present ex.emphysema and pneumothorax; dull- soft, muffled, thud, abnormal density ex.pneumonia, pleural effusion, tumor |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of normal breath sounds |
|
Definition
| vesicular- low, soft pitch heard over peripheral lung fields,; bronchial- loud high pitched sound heard in trachea and larynx; bronchiovesicular- moderate pitch heard over major bronchi where fewer alveoli are located |
|
|
Term
| reasons for decreased or absent breath sounds |
|
Definition
| obstrcution and emphysema patients: lose elasticity, decreased force of inspired air, hyperinflated lungs don't make much noise |
|
|
Term
| reasons for increased breath sounds |
|
Definition
| consolidation ex pneumonia; compression ex. pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of adventitious sounds in respiratory |
|
Definition
| crackles, wheezes, rhonci, stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| curved spine; hump in the spine |
|
|
Term
| what is the reason for crackles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the reason for wheezes? |
|
Definition
| airway obstrcution ex.asthma |
|
|
Term
| what is the reason for rhonci? |
|
Definition
| secretion (sounds like snoring) |
|
|
Term
| what is the reson for stridor |
|
Definition
| upper airway obstruction; inflammation (croup) |
|
|
Term
| what are atelectic crackles? |
|
Definition
| mild crackles for the first few breath because airways werent fully expanded |
|
|
Term
| what are some things that may cause extraneous noises with auscultating the chest? |
|
Definition
| hair, patient shivering, gowns, examiner breathing on stethescope, stethescope tubing rubbing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapis shallow breathing >24 per min; fever, fear, exercise, pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow breathing <10; drug induced, increased ICP, diabetic coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in both rate and depth of breathing; blows off co2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular slow pattern of breathing; retains co2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breathing patterns fluctuate from regular to rapid and shallow to periods of apnea; dru ODincreased ICP, meningitis |
|
|
Term
| normal voice transmission |
|
Definition
| soft, muffled and indistinct |
|
|
Term
| what inhances voice sounds? |
|
Definition
| consolidation and compression of lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shape and configuartion (costal angle, barrel chest, abdominal and neck muscles, pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum), facial expressions (pursed lip breathing), level of conciousness, color and condition, respirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temderness, lumps, temp, turgor, moisture, symmetrical chest expansion, tacticle fremitus (four places) |
|
|
Term
| what does a lag in symmetrical chest expansion indicate? |
|
Definition
| atelectasis pneumonia and postoperative guarding |
|
|
Term
| percussion of anterior chest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of seconds to exhale from total capacity to residual volume; meausres air flow obstrcution; listen over sternum; normal is 4 seconds or less |
|
|
Term
| forced expiratory time in COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal 97-98%; varies depending on hemoglobin level, acid base balance, and ventilatory status |
|
|
Term
| which vessel system has high pressure? low pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries are located in the arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries are in the leg? |
|
Definition
| politeal, femoral, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial |
|
|
Term
| what veins are in the legs? |
|
Definition
| deep: popliteal and femoral; superficial: great saphenous and small saphenous; perforators- connecting veins |
|
|
Term
| 3 ways the body helps propel veins |
|
Definition
| contract skeletal muscles, breath (because thoracic pressure decreases, increasing abdominal pressure), intraluminal valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| empties into right subclavian vein; drains right side of head and neck, right arm, right side of thorax, right lung and pleura, right side of the heart, right upper section of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains everything the right lympahtic duct doesn't; empties into left subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonsils, aednoids, palatine, lingual, lymph nodes, thymus gland, splee, peyers patches in intestines, bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| inspect and palpate peripheral and lymphatic in arms |
|
Definition
| must lie down; skin, capillary refill, symmetry, radial pulse, ulnar pulse, brachial pulse, epitrochlear lymph node, modified allen test |
|
|
Term
| what cannot be done if a lymphnode has been removed in an arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inspect and palpate peripheral and lymphatic in legs |
|
Definition
| skin and heair, symmetry, temperature, calf msucle, femoral pulse, politeal pulse, posterior tibial pulse, dorsalis pedis pulse, pretibial edema, leg veins (while standing), homans sign |
|
|
Term
| abnormal findings in the legs |
|
Definition
| arteriosclerosis-ischemic ulcer, venous ulcer, superficial varicose veins, deep vein thrombophelbitis |
|
|
Term
| what attaches the breasts to the chest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| between what ribs are the breasts located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the small lumps on the areola? |
|
Definition
| elevated sebaceous glands that secrete protective lipids during lactation |
|
|
Term
| where would you find swollen lymph nodes during a breast exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are most breast tumors found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when should a woman f=giver herself a self breast exam? |
|
Definition
| 4-7 days after menstration; same day every month that's easy to remember |
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