Term
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Definition
| Work Importance Profiler measures |
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Definition
| ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) is what kind of test |
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Definition
| General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is what kind of test |
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| Achievement measurement instruments |
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Definition
| SAT (Scholastic Assessment Tests), ACT (American College Test), GRE (Graduate Record Exam), and the Iowa Tests of Basic Skill (ITBS) all measure what |
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Definition
| Career Assessment Inventory (CAI), Campbell Interest and Skills Survey, Kuder Career Search with Person Match, and the Self Directed Search (SDS) all measure what |
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Term
| Personality assessment tool |
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Definition
| Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is what kind of tool |
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Term
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Definition
| Super's Work Values Inventory-Revised and the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire are both what kinds of tools |
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Term
| Computer-assisted career guidance systems |
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Definition
| The System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI Plus), produced by Valpar International, and Discover, produced by American College Testing, have the ability to determine interests, skills, and values. Modern technology tool to be used by the career counselor |
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Term
| Choices, Focus II, and Coordinated Occupational Information Network (COIN) |
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Definition
| offer information about careers and educational institutions, but have more limited assessment capability |
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Term
| Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS) |
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Definition
| offered through many state employment offices, includes assessment, employment searching, and information about occupations and education |
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Term
| Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) |
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Definition
| published by the U.S. Department of Labor, contains descriptions of 12,000 types of occupations and more than 28,000 job titles. It details tasks and gives educational and skill requirements for each job. |
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Term
| O*Net (Occupational Information Network) |
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Definition
| a comprehensive database of occupational information and employee requirements. Features assessment and other occupation exploration tools |
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Term
| Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) |
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Definition
| a compilation of data concerning employment trends and outlooks, salaries, required training and education etc., published every other year by the U.S. Department of Labor |
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| The Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) |
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Definition
| a compilation of data concerning occupations, skills and abilities, work environments, salaries, etc., divided into areas of interest |
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Term
| Workforce Investment Act of 1998 |
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Definition
| federal program that establishes a "one-stop" delivery system for workforce investment and educational services- includes Youth Opportunity, Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker and Native American programs, Job Corps, Adult Literacy Programs and incorporates the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
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| 1994 School-to-Work Opportunities Act |
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Definition
| federally funded program to provide money for work-based learning, school-based learning, and connecting activities that encourage collaboration between educational institutions and employers |
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Definition
| employment opportunities that are not advertised and new employees are recruited by networking- approximately 80% of jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| programs that add career education to the curricula from kindergarten through high school- intended to create career awareness in the elementary grades, explore careers in middle school and junior high school and prepare for a career in high school |
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Term
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Definition
| helps people prepare for retirement by providing information on expectations including financial; home, social, and family life; medical and health issues; and legal matters |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman reentering the workforce or entering it for the first time after raising a family as a stay-at-home parent- often applied to a divorced or widowed woman who must support herself and may or may not have dependent children |
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Definition
| a person unemployed because of job elimination, downsizing, company relocation or company closing |
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Term
| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) |
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Definition
| requires companies that employ fifty or more persons to provide up to twelve weeks of leave without pay during months for childbirth or because of the illness of a member of the employee's immediate family |
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Definition
| by unwritten agreement among the decision makers the highest level in an organization that a person (a woman or a minority) is allowed to reach |
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Term
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Definition
| time away from work during which a person can decide what to do- also refers to pleasure activities |
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Term
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Definition
| an employee whose education and/or experiences exceed the requirements for the position |
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Term
| Lifting requirement work classifications |
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Definition
| the level of lifting ability required for a particular occupation- sedentary work requires a ten pound maximum, light work requires a maximum of twenty pounds, medium work requires a maximum of fifty pounds, up to one hundred pounds is required for heavy work, and very heavy work is rated at one hundred pounds or more |
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| Occupational Sex Segregation |
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Definition
| occupations commonly thought of as female jobs usually have less pay and lower status than occupations regarded as work for men |
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Term
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Definition
| the shifting of activities to an agency outside a company or organization or the moving of operations to a non-U.S. location |
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| Self-Directed Search (SDS) |
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Definition
| developed by John Holland, is an assessment tool that lets a person match his or her interests and personality type to careers of the same type. based on the theory that all people fall into one of six categories |
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Term
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Definition
| determines the three-letter Holland Code that can then be used to explore careers that match a person's interests and skills |
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Term
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Definition
| an assessment of a person's appearance, behavior, thought processes, mood, emotions, intelligence, and of his awareness of surrounding, time location, and his own identity |
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| Unstructured projective tests |
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Definition
| a person's responses reflect his personality, including hidden emotions and internal conflicts. Ex: Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test, and Incomplete Sentences Blank |
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Term
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Definition
| can be used to ascertain stable aspects of a person's character. Ex: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine the level of a person's intellectual ability. Ex: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R) and the Stanford-Binet (SB:IV) |
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Term
| Neuropsychological assessments |
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Definition
| used at first to determine the extent of the loss of a particular skill and the area of the brain that might have been damaged by injury or neurological illness. has become a measurement of brain dysfunction relating to language, attention, concentration, memory, and perceptual and motor skills. still used to determine the location of damage to the brain. Ex: Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test |
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary and has the goal of building attitudes and skills that will help the client to function more effectively in interpersonal relationships. counseling skills are used, but the role, function, and context differ. |
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Term
| Content-oriented consultation |
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Definition
| the consultant imparts information to the client |
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Term
| Process-oriented consultation |
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Definition
| uses communication theory, attribution, change or motivation theory |
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Term
| Bandura's social learning model |
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Definition
| assesses the interplay of behaviors, cognitions, and environment in identifying problems with solutions involving modeling, rehearsing, and changing cognitions |
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Term
| Schein's doctor-patient model |
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Definition
| a diagnostic process and identifies interventions |
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Term
| Caplan's mental health model |
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Definition
| a consultation between two professionals in which the discussion may involve the client, the consultant and the client, the program, or the consultant and administration |
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Term
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Definition
| an expert who can use his or her expertise, proven methods, and advice to help a business, an organization, or an individual solve a problem or improve a situation. tasks may include gathering info about the client and/or outside research and the analysis of the info, conferences, workshops, or seminars that address a client's interests and concerns, participant observation programs.. etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variety of assessment tools including tests and surveys used to evaluate traits and behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a score assigned to a person's traits or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a systematic method of measuring or evaluating |
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Term
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Definition
| based on a universal standard such as multiple choice- require little or no judgement in scoring |
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Term
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Definition
| items such as essay questions- scoring of these items requires judgement and may reflect the scorer's bias |
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Term
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Definition
| unstructured tests that may reveal basic personality, concealed feelings, and internal conflicts |
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Term
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Definition
| short answer questions that elicit subjective information |
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Definition
| items such as true/false questions for which the test taker must recall info |
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Term
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Definition
| a favorable evaluation of a personality based on the perception of a single trait |
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Term
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Definition
| in testing the percentage of test takers who respond correctly to an item |
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Term
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Definition
| questions such as true/false that give the test taker opposing choices |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a person's test results can be compared to the scores of others- a percentile rank can be created |
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Term
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Definition
| allows a person to compare two or more examples of his/her own performance- down not allow for comparison with others |
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Definition
| untimed test- tests mastery level |
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Term
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Definition
| timed test- difficulty is more in how quickly questions can be answered than in the content |
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Term
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Definition
| starts with easier questions and progresses to the harder ones |
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Term
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Definition
| test has multiple sections and the questions in each section progress in difficulty |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of tests given to the same group of people and scored against the same standard |
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Term
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Definition
| a test procedure that covers material from different subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| tests on the same subject given at different levels or ages |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool for measuring self-esteem by choosing statement-bearing cards that are "most like me" or "least like me" |
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Definition
| the average score from a group of tests |
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Definition
| the middle score from a group of tests |
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Term
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Definition
| the score that occurs most frequently in a set of scores |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount a score deviates from the norm |
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Definition
| the lowest score subtracted from the hightest |
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Definition
| a measure of statistical dispersion- in testing, how widely spread the scores are from the mean |
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Term
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Definition
| the square of the standard deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphic illustration of the normal distribution of a data set |
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Term
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Definition
| on a scale of 100 the number that shows the percent of a data distribution equal to or below it |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of scaling test scores- nine divisions, five of them in the middle with a standard deviation of 2. the lowest scores comprise the first group and the highest scores the last |
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Term
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Definition
| a method for determining a standardized score- subtract the mean from an individual score then divide by the standard deviation |
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Definition
| a score within a normal distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a measurement of the linear relationship between two variables |
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Term
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Definition
| the consistency with which a test yields similar results, measured by the use of a correlation coefficient. reliable does not equate validity |
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Term
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Definition
| questionnaires, interviews, and other situations in which a person is aware s/he is being observed- that awareness can affect the results of the observation. measurement can also be called reactive |
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Term
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Definition
| nonreactive, subject is unaware of observation or investigation, such as when records are reviewed or subject is observed through a one-way window |
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Term
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Definition
| a measurement of the consistency with which a test yields similar results in repeated uses |
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Term
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Definition
| also called test-retest reliability- giving the same test to the same group twice with no more than two weeks between so that the two sets of results can be correlated without intervening experiences affecting the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| the correlation of the results of using different tests covering the same content with the same group of test takers. time between tests and the formats used can affect the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| measures the consistency of results from items in a test- do the responses from similar and opposing questions yield consistent information |
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Term
| Coefficient of determination |
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Definition
| the square of the correlation coefficient which shows the common variation between the two variables- in testing, the amount of common variance between repeated tests |
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Term
| Standard error of measurement (SEM) |
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Definition
| a statistical range that will include a test taker's score- calculated by the multiplication of the test's standard deviation by the square root of 1, then the subtraction of the reliability coefficient |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a test measures what it is designed to measure. the content must accurately measure the skills or information learned. |
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Term
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Definition
| is obvious validity, for example the questions on a math test will deal with math |
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Term
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Definition
| can also be called rational or logical validity, is the reflection of the subject matter in the content of the test. for example a math test will contain material covered in the specific math course |
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Term
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Definition
| can also be called empirical validity, is the capability of a testing instrument to predict future behavior, for example the ability of the Graduate Record Exam to predict a person's grade point average |
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Term
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Definition
| the immediate comparison of test results with the results from other sources that measure the same factors in the same short time span |
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Definition
| the extent to which a testing instrument measures an abstract psychological trait such as anxiety |
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Definition
| used to measure a person's mental ability. Ex: Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAAIS-III), Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children |
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Term
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Definition
| measure learning and are often given in schools at particular grade levels or as "end of year" tests. can also be used as diagnostic tools. Ex: California Achievement Test and the General Education Development (GED) |
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Term
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Definition
| can also be called ability tests, are used to measure a person's ability to master skills or acquire knowledge. Ex: Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) and Career Ability Placement Survey (CAPS) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine a person's personality traits and may be projective, inventories, or specialized. Ex: projective- Rorschach, and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); inventory- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; specialized- Tennessee Self-concept Scale and Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine a person's likes and dislikes. Ex: Strong Interest Inventory, Career Assessment Inventory, and O*Net Interest Profiler |
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Term
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Definition
| a statistical concept where earning a very low score or very high score on a pretest means the individual will probably score close to the mean on the posttest. The error is due to chance, personal and environment factors that will be different on the posttest |
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Term
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Definition
| a cart used to indicate the degree to which an attribute or characteristic exists |
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Term
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Definition
| coined by Joseph Levy Moreno and is a method of tracking the relationship of individuals within a group |
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Term
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Definition
| a map or diagram showing the structure of the group or relationships of the members |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to any form of mental testing |
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Term
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Definition
| recognized as the leading pioneer in the study of individual differences. He concluded that intelligence was primarily genetic and had a normal distribution, similar to height and weight |
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Term
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Definition
| used factor analysis and isolated 120 factors that added up to intelligence. He also defined convergent and divergent thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| when different thoughts and ideas are combined into a single concept |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to create a novel idea |
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Term
| Alfred Benet and Theodore Simon |
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Definition
| credited with creating the first intelligence test. the year was 1905 and the test consisted of 30 items of increasing difficulty administered to discriminate normal from retarded Parisian children. adapted for America by M. Terman of Stanford University and became the Stanford-Binet IQ test |
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Term
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Definition
| IQ formula, standard age score, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16 |
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Term
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Definition
| advanced the theory that the rate at which a person processes information is an indication of his or her intelligence- the faster the processing, the more intelligent the person. he also invented the intelligence-testing machine that uses an electrode helmet in conjunction with a computer and an EEG |
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Term
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Definition
| developed the theories of fluid and crystallized intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| inborn, deals with abstract reasoning, is unrelated to experience, and decreases with age |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| develops from acquired knowledge and skill |
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Term
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Definition
| applied the theory that intelligence is genetic to adopted children, expecting them to have IQ scores closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. He believed that 80% of intelligence is inherited and only 20% is environmental |
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Term
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Definition
| an African American psychologist, created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH) as proof that African Americans can excel on intelligence tests when the cultural bias is toward their own experience rather than toward White culture |
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Term
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Definition
| created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), administered on an individual basis, provides verbal IQ, performance IQ, and a full-scale IQ |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly known as the Buckley Amendment provides for the confidentiality of school and college related information |
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