Term
| Anterior Landmarks (Lines x3) |
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Definition
Midsternal Line (MSL)
Sternal Border (RSB/LSB)
Midclavicular Line (RMCL/LMCL) |
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Term
| Lateral Landmarks (Lines x3) |
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Definition
Anterior Axillary Line (RAAL/LAAL)
Midaxillary Line (RMAL/LMAL)
Posterior Axillary Line (RPAL/LPAL) |
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Term
| Posterior Landmarks (Lines x2) |
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Definition
Vertebral Line
Scapular Line (R/L) |
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Term
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Definition
| Superior border of sternum - used as a starting place for finding landmarks |
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Term
| Manubriosternal Angle/Angle of Louis |
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Definition
| Next to 2nd rib - tracheal bifurcation |
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Term
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Definition
| Angle of ribs to xiphoid process - < 90 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Superior Border of Scapula |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom of lung posteriorly during normal inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom of lung posteriorly during deep inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Apices: Above clavicle
Bottom: Rib 6 |
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Term
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Definition
Apices: Up in the axilla
Bottom: Rib 8 |
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Term
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Definition
Apices: Above scapulae
Bottom: Normal - Rib 10
Deep - Rib 12
MOSTLY LOWER LOBE |
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Term
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Definition
Rate: 12-20
Rhythm: regular
Depth: full
Even
Unlabored |
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Term
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Definition
>24/min
Caused by fear/anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
<10/min
Caused by sedatives or brain injury |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Labored/difficult
VERY COMMON |
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Term
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Definition
Anteriorly: 90
Posteriorly: 45 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ABNORMAL
AP:Transverse = 1:1
Round Chest |
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Term
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Definition
| Spine is deviated in one or more places. Chest does not expand evenly |
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Term
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Definition
Palpable vibrations
"99" "Blue Moon" |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound of a healthy adult lung |
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Term
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Definition
normal in infants/young children
Abnormal in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal density - heart or fluid in lungs |
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Term
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Definition
Normal over trachea
I 1:2 |
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Term
| Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds |
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Definition
Normal over major airways (Tracheal bifurcation)
I = E --> 1:1 |
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Term
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Definition
Peripheral lung fields
I>E --> 2:1 |
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Term
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Definition
Discontinuous, popping sounds
Airways opening |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous; high pitched; d/t obstructed air flow.
Bronchioles narrowed --> Asthma attack |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous; type of wheeze; low pitch; snoring sound
Rattles d/t secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper airway obstruction; shallow wheeze (choking) --> Inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Inspection: Increased resp, S.O.B., decreased SaO2
Palpation: increased tactile fremitus over consolidated area
Percussion: Dullness
Auscultation: Bronchial, Bronchovesicular sounds, increased breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Inspection: S.O.B., accessory muscles, increased resp, increased pulse, increased BP
Palpation: Deviated trachea, decreased tactile fremitus
Percussion: Hyperresonance
Auscultation: decreased breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Inspection: Accessory muscles, thin, pursed lips, barrell chest, tri-pod, increased resp, incr. pulse, incr. BP, decreased SaO2
Palpation: decreased tactile fremitus
Percussion: hyperresonance
Auscultation: decreased breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
SUBJECTIVE DATA
Able to feel heart beat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty breathing in supine |
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Term
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Exterior portion of chest over heart |
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Term
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Definition
Tricuspid (R)
Mitral (L)
Semilunar
Aortic |
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Term
| Heart Beat (order of activity) |
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Definition
SA --> AV --> Bundles --> Perkinje Fibers
Electrical --> Mechanical
L --> R |
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Term
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Definition
S1 - CLosure of AV valves (systole)
S2 - Closure of other 2 valves (diastole)
SOUNDS = CLOSING OF VALVES |
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Term
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Definition
Closure of AV (MV&TV) valves
Beginning of ventricular systole
MV closes before TV: Usually 1 sound
Loudest at apex |
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Term
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Definition
Closure of semi-lunar valves (AV & PV)
AV closes before PV - Usually one sound
End of systole
Loudest at base |
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Term
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Definition
AV closing before PV and heard as 2 sounds
D/T increased venous return inspiration - decreasing amount of blood return to left side = shortened LV systole
Present during inspiration/decreased - expiration and sitting
INCREASED WITH INSPIRATION!! |
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Term
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Definition
Early diastolic sound
Passive rapid ventricular filling causes vibration
PHYSIOLOGIC IN CHILDREN, YOUNG ADULTS & PREGNANCY
Abnormal = heart failure
Heard immediately after S2 --> Back sided gallop |
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Term
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Definition
Late diastolic sound - Atrial contraction
May be physiologic in children, and few adults over 40 y/o with no hx of heart disease
Pathologic d/t conditions such as CAD, HTN
heard best at apex |
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Term
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Definition
Normal in kids
Can be outgrown
Normal during pregnancy
Swishing sound - high flow or backward flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Visible heart movements (beats) |
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Term
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Definition
Due to hypertrophy of heart
ABNORMAL |
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Term
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Definition
Palpable murmur - Feels like the throat of a purring cat
ABNORMAL |
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Term
| A Poor, Exhausted, Tired Monkey |
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Definition
Landmarks for stethoscope
Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb's Point
Tricuspid
Mitral |
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Term
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Definition
High pitched sounds:
S1, S2, Splits, High pitched murmurs |
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Term
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Definition
Low pitched sounds:
S3, S4, low pitched murmurs |
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Term
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Definition
HR increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration
NORMAL! |
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Term
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Definition
| Drop in SBP of >20mmHg or pulse increase of 20 or > BPM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Decreased circulation to specific area/muscle
Like angina in extremities |
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Term
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Definition
ABNORMAL
Use bell - murmur in the vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| Patency circulation to hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Patency circulation to hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Patency circulation to hand |
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Term
| Superficial Thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
Inflammation of the vein with a clot
Area of redness |
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Term
| Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
| Could make it into the pulmonary system --> pulmonary embolism |
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Term
| Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) |
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Definition
| Normal = no more than 2-3 cm |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased pulses, cap refill and cold.
Elevational pallor, no edema, shiny skin, decreased hair, nail thickening, claudication, pain aggravated by elevation of the extremity; dependent position alleviates pain, motor and sensory loss if severe |
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Term
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Definition
| Edema, brownish/pink pigmentation, varicosities, aggravated by prolonged standing, elevation alleviates pain, thickened skin, pulses normal unless large amount of edema |
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