Term
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Definition
| looking at vertical head and pelvic movements to assess lameness in limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 beat gait RH, RF, LH, LF |
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Term
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Definition
2 beat gait RH/LF, suspension, LH/RF, suspension
possible variations |
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Term
| Vertical Head Movement in Normal Horse |
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Definition
head moves up and down twice (once for r, once for L)
minimum head height @ midstance
maximum head height @ point just prior to footfall |
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Term
| Vertical Pelvic Movement in Normal Horse |
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Definition
pelvis moves up and down twice
minimum height @ stance phase
maximum height @ stance phase |
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Term
| Tuber Coxae Movement in Normal Horse |
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Definition
asymmetrical cycles on either side
minimum height during stance
maximum height during pushoff |
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Term
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Definition
head drops when good foot lands, rises when weight placed on bad foot/limb
Less downward head movement and less upward head movement when dealing with lame limb |
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Term
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Definition
HIKE: less downward pelvic movement during stance (therefore greater pelvic height on lame limb)
DROP: less upward movement of pelvic after stance (therefore lower height of hip of lame limb) |
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Term
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Definition
| semi-qualitative, poor agreement |
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Term
| Verbal or Descriptive Rating System |
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Definition
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Term
| Patterns of Equine Lameness |
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Definition
Forelimb lameness more common than hindlimb lameness
Distal limb lameness more common than proximal limb lameness
Fore foot pain most common cause of lameness |
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Term
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Definition
Patient data, medical history
Physical examination
Gait evaluation (may no me needed)
Diagnostic local anaesthesia
Diagnostic imaging |
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Term
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Definition
Weight bearing at rest
Posture
Body condition
Asymmetry
Swellings, muscle atrophy, bony landmarks
Conformation
Foot & limb |
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Term
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Definition
Close inspection
Palpation
Heat, pain, swelling
Manipulation (hoof testers)
Reduced range of joint movement; pain
Compare left with right |
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Term
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Definition
Straight line (in-hand)
Lunge (circle) |
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Term
| Effect of direction on lameness LUNGE |
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Definition
Loading: inside limb > outside limb
Inside limb: lateral > medial
Outside limb: medial > lateral |
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Term
| Effect of lunge on pelvic movement |
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Definition
Soft surface
Inside limb: increased minimum pelvic height during stance phase (compared to outside)
Outside limb: decreased maximum pelvic height at push off
Hard surface
Inside limb: increased minimum pelvic height during stance phase and decreased maximum pelvic height at push of |
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Term
| Diagnostic Local Anaesthesia |
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Definition
Palmar digital nerve block
Abaxial sesamoid nerve block |
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Term
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Definition
Radiography
Ultrasonography
Bone scan
CT, MRI
Arthroscopy
Synovial fluid analysis – infection |
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Term
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Definition
Composite of foot conformation (ie foot shape)
how foot and limb conformation relate to each other
how the foot is loaded (determined by how the foot makes contact with the ground at rest and during motion) |
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Term
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Definition
Bow Legged
more common of 2 conditions
1-4° carpal valgus is normal; up to 15° not unusual in foals
If severe may predispose to carpal injury and splints; in milder form protective for carpal fractures |
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Term
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Definition
Knock-Kneed
Less common
Frequently accompanied by inward rotation
More serious consequences than carpal valgus: may predispose to carpal and fetlock OA; lateral suspensory ligament branch desmitis |
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Term
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Definition
Cannon Bone should be perpendicular. Excessive angulation of the hock - sickle shape
Can be caused by Spavin |
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Term
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Definition
Slope of dorsal wall 50-54 (53-57) degrees
heels parallel to dorsal wall & at least 1/3rd height
Weight bearing surface (i.e. shoe) should be centred beneath DIPJ |
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Term
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Definition
Whether coronary band slopes
Differences in wall height & slope |
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Term
| Dorsopalmar foot imbalance |
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Definition
"Long toe, low heels"
Increases loading of the heels, deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone
Uncommon in hind feet |
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Term
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Definition
backward: heel too short compared to dorsal
forward: heel too long |
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Term
| Mediolateral foot balance |
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Definition
Longer wall impacts ground 1st
May result in tearing and bruising of the sensitive laminae of wall & wall
Tissues connecting the heels may breakdown (“sheared heels”) |
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