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Classical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism
Total of 50 aksaras (indestructibles) 14 vowels first, then 36 consonants: begin in throat, end in lips |
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Wheel, World-cycle
4 yugas = 1 mahayuga 1000 mahayugas = 1 day of Brahma 1000 mahayugas = 1 night of Brahma 360 days (day&night) = 1 year of Brahma 100 years = 1 lifetime of Brahma 1 lifetime = 1 eyewink of the Supreme Brahman (3.1 x 1014 human years) |
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Great Age, composed of 4 yugas: Krita Yuga: The Perfect (“Golden”) Age (Dharma walks on four legs) Treta Yuga: The “Silver” Age (Dharma limps on three legs) Dvapara Yuga: The “Bronze” Age (Dharma hobbles on two legs) Kali Yuga कलियुग: The “Rust” Age (Dharma pitches on one leg) |
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Age of decline and disharmony (Our age) |
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Action, Law of Consequence
proportional rehabilitative the determination of outcomes: choice |
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Wants, preoccupations
Varna/Purusartha Shudra/kama (pleasure) Vaishya/artha (wealth) Kshatriya/dharma (service) Brahmin/moksha (liberation) |
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Laws of caste and stage of life |
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Social Class: Shudra ("laborers") Vaishya ("merchants") Kshatriya ("warriors") Brahmin ("priests") (Dalit - Downtrodden; Untouchables) |
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Stages of life: Brahmacarin (student) Householder (parent) Forest Dweller (retiree) Sannyasin (renunciant) |
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duty
Shudra/service without envy Vaishya/production of goods Kshatriya/protection of social order Brahmin/spiritual guidance
Brahmacarin/study Householder/service Forest Dweller/retirement Sannyasin/renunciation |
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Liberation from Samsara the realization of ultimate spiritual essence (Atman is Brahman) |
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Play, Sport Samsara as Maya |
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The 3 manifestations of Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva |
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The "Blue God" Avatar of Vishnu young boy in Bhagavata Purana Youthful prince giving directions in Bhagavad Gita Lovable Boy/Erotic Lover (as in Radha and Krishna) |
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The Destroyer (also Creator and Preserver) Aniconic form is the Lingam |
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Book of Krishna's talk with Arjuna Applications of jnana-yoga, karma-yoga, and bhakti-yoga |
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Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta. |
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Goddess of Destruction Female form of Shiva |
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male mark Creative in Unity |
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Female Mark Destructive in Duality |
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Perfect Being, Consciousness, and Bliss |
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Controlling what is not essential to free what is essential |
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discipline of wisdom, knowledge |
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discipline of love, devotion |
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discipline of psycho-physical exercise |
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1. All of existence is suffering (dukkha) 2. The cause of dukkha is desire (tanha) 3. To end dukkha, eliminate tanha 4. To end tanha, follow the Eightfold Path |
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five occasions of concealed suffering |
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(1) even something pleasant involves the suffering of others (2) even something pleasant involves one’s own suffering (3) even something pleasant involves the anxiety of loss (4) even something pleasant binds us to further suffering (5) even something pleasant disappoints our deepest longings |
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six occasions of universal suffering |
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(1) the trauma of birth (2) illness (3) physical decline (4) the fear of death (5) being tied to what one hates (6) being separated from what one loves |
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Five Aggregates 1. body 2.perceptions 3.emotions 4.karmic dispositions 5.consciousness |
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Prior Births of the Buddha |
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Dream-conception and birth of the Buddha |
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Old man Diseased Man Corpse Ascetic |
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Great Going Forth (pravrajya) |
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Temptations of Mara and Enlightenment |
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Final Nirvana, when one achieves true awakening |
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prajna (wisdom) sila (virtue) samadhi (meditation) |
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Eight Special Rules for Women |
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