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Asian Religions
Unit 2: Buddhism and Hinduism Terms
69
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
03/26/2010

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Term
Sanskrit
Definition
Classical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism

Total of 50 aksaras (indestructibles)
14 vowels first, then 36 consonants: begin in throat, end in lips
Term
Samsara
Definition
Wheel, World-cycle

4 yugas = 1 mahayuga
1000 mahayugas = 1 day of Brahma
1000 mahayugas = 1 night of Brahma
360 days (day&night) = 1 year of Brahma
100 years = 1 lifetime of Brahma
1 lifetime = 1 eyewink of the Supreme Brahman (3.1 x 1014 human years)
Term
Mahayuga
Definition
Great Age, composed of 4 yugas:
Krita Yuga: The Perfect (“Golden”) Age (Dharma walks on four legs)
Treta Yuga: The “Silver” Age (Dharma limps on three legs)
Dvapara Yuga: The “Bronze” Age (Dharma hobbles on two legs)
Kali Yuga कलियुग: The “Rust” Age (Dharma pitches on one leg)
Term
Kali Yuga
Definition
Age of decline and disharmony (Our age)
Term
Karma
Definition
Action, Law of Consequence

proportional
rehabilitative
the determination of outcomes: choice
Term
Purusarthas
Definition
Wants, preoccupations

Varna/Purusartha
Shudra/kama (pleasure)
Vaishya/artha (wealth)
Kshatriya/dharma (service)
Brahmin/moksha (liberation)
Term
Kama
Definition
Pleasure
Term
Artha
Definition
Worldly Success
Term
Varna-Ashrama-Dharma
Definition
Laws of caste and stage of life
Term
Varna
Definition
Social Class:
Shudra ("laborers")
Vaishya ("merchants")
Kshatriya ("warriors")
Brahmin ("priests")
(Dalit - Downtrodden; Untouchables)
Term
Ashramas
Definition
Stages of life:
Brahmacarin (student)
Householder (parent)
Forest Dweller (retiree)
Sannyasin (renunciant)
Term
Dharma
Definition
duty

Shudra/service without envy
Vaishya/production of goods
Kshatriya/protection of social order
Brahmin/spiritual guidance

Brahmacarin/study
Householder/service
Forest Dweller/retirement
Sannyasin/renunciation
Term
Moksha
Definition
Liberation from Samsara
the realization of ultimate spiritual essence (Atman is Brahman)
Term
Atman
Definition
Self
Term
Brahman
Definition
Ultimate Reality
Term
Jiva
Definition
Individual Ego
Term
Lila
Definition
Play, Sport
Samsara as Maya
Term
Maya
Definition
Illusion, Ignorance
Term
Samskaras
Definition
Marks of learning
Term
Trimurti
Definition
The 3 manifestations of Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Term
Krishna
Definition
The "Blue God"
Avatar of Vishnu
young boy in Bhagavata Purana
Youthful prince giving directions in Bhagavad Gita
Lovable Boy/Erotic Lover (as in Radha and Krishna)
Term
Shiva
Definition
The Destroyer (also Creator and Preserver)
Aniconic form is the Lingam
Term
Bhagavad-Gita
Definition
Book of Krishna's talk with Arjuna
Applications of jnana-yoga, karma-yoga, and bhakti-yoga
Term
Upanishads
Definition
Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta.
Term
Kali
Definition
Goddess of Destruction
Female form of Shiva
Term
Lingam
Definition
male mark
Creative in Unity
Term
Yoni
Definition
Female Mark
Destructive in Duality
Term
Nirguna Brahman
Definition
Aniconic forms
Term
Saguna Brahman
Definition
Iconic Forms
Term
Sat-Chit-Ananda
Definition
Perfect Being, Consciousness, and Bliss
Term
Yoga
Definition
Controlling what is not essential to free what is essential
Term
Jnana Yoga
Definition
discipline of wisdom, knowledge
Term
Bhakti Yoga
Definition
discipline of love, devotion
Term
karma yoga
Definition
discipline of work, duty
Term
raja yoga
Definition
discipline of psycho-physical exercise
Term
darsan
Definition
seeing
Term
murti/vigraha
Definition
image
Term
puja
Definition
worship
Term
samadhi
Definition
concentration
Term
sannyasin
Definition
renouncer
Term
buddha
Definition
an awakened one
Term
Siddhartha Gautama
Definition
Last rebirth of Buddha
Term
dharma
Definition
Teaching, Truth
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
1. All of existence is suffering (dukkha)
2. The cause of dukkha is desire (tanha)
3. To end dukkha, eliminate tanha
4. To end tanha, follow the Eightfold Path
Term
dukkha
Definition
Suffering
Term
anatta
Definition
Non-self
Term
anicca
Definition
Impermanence
Term
tanha
Definition
Thirst/desire
Term
bodhi
Definition
Wisdom, Enlightenment
Term
five occasions of concealed suffering
Definition
(1) even something pleasant involves the suffering of others
(2) even something pleasant involves one’s own suffering
(3) even something pleasant involves the anxiety of loss
(4) even something pleasant binds us to further suffering
(5) even something pleasant disappoints our deepest longings
Term
six occasions of universal suffering
Definition
(1) the trauma of birth
(2) illness
(3) physical decline
(4) the fear of death
(5) being tied to what one hates
(6) being separated from what one loves
Term
skandhas
Definition
Five Aggregates
1. body
2.perceptions
3.emotions 4.karmic dispositions
5.consciousness
Term
nirvana
Definition
Cessation
Term
Jataka Tales
Definition
Prior Births of the Buddha
Term
Dream-conception and birth of the Buddha
Definition
Term
Four Passing Sights
Definition
Old man
Diseased Man
Corpse
Ascetic
Term
Great Going Forth (pravrajya)
Definition
Term
Temptations of Mara and Enlightenment
Definition
Term
Teaching career
Definition
Term
Pari-nirvana
Definition
Final Nirvana, when one achieves true awakening
Term
Eightfold Path
Definition
prajna (wisdom)
sila (virtue)
samadhi (meditation)
Term
sangha
Definition
Religious Community
Term
Vinaya
Definition
Monastic Code
Term
celibacy
Definition
Term
parajika
Definition
"Failure"
Term
Eight Special Rules for Women
Definition
Term
Five Precepts
Definition
Term
Ten Precepts
Definition
Term
Three Jewels
Definition
Buddha, Dharma, Sangha
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