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Asian Philosophy
Exam 2
33
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
10/01/2006

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Term
Buddha
Definition
"The awakened one"
Term
Dharma
Definition
teachings of buddha, the path to enlightenment. 2 pillars of dharma: wisdom and compassion.
Term
2 pillars of dharma
Definition
wisdom and compassion
Term
Sangha
Definition
buddhist community. sangha, buddha and dharma make the Three Treasures
Term
three treasures
Definition
Sangha (community), buddha and dharma
Term
three treasures
Definition
Sangha (community), buddha and dharma
Term
Sutra
Definition
teaching delivered by the Buddha
Term
the 3 baskets of the Tripitaka
Definition
sutra (teachings delivered by buddha), devoted to the monastic recepts, and subtle philosophical doctrines
Term
Nirvana
Definition
"to extinguish"; blowing out of all sources of suffering.
Term
Karma
Definition
action as tied to consequences; driving force of the wheel of life and death. the three evils fuel it.
Term
three evils
Definition
greed (grasping after), hatred (rejecting or aversion), and Delusion
Term
Duhkha
Definition
Suffering, dis-ease and dissatisfaction; unsatisfactoriness. Buddha named this dis-ease as a basic fact in his First Noble Truth
Term
Theravada
Definition
"the way of the Elders" continues practices for monks and nuns. focus on self-realization. enlightenment only for those who take "monastic" vows.
Term
Four signs
Definition
three signs of universal suffering: old age, disease, and death

the possibility of release from these sufferings, nirvana
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
duhkha
craving
cure/end
the eight-fold path
Term
the eight-fold path
Definition
the path to follow: morality (right speech action and livelihood), Concentration (right effort, mindfulness and concentration), and wisdom (right understanding and thought)
Term
three marks of existance
Definition
impermanence, duhka and anatman (no self)
Term
anatman
Definition
"no self' buddha's rejection of idea of the soul. there is no Self. self is a name used for convenience, not for something changeless and eternal.
Term
5 Skandhas
Definition
the "five aggregates"; components of the self. 1) rupa, form 2) vedana, sensation 3)samjna, perception 3) vijnana, consciousness.

birth is their coming together, death is their separation
Term
Two Heresies
Definition
eternalism - belief that anything may exist forever

nihilism - anything may cease to exhist or be annihilated
Term
Dependent Origination
Definition
Seeing others as separate. Now is a passing away and a coming-to-be, at the same time.
Term
Middle Way
Definition
Path between extremes. Neither extremes. No self-indulgence, no self-denial. Neither grasping nor rejecting.
Term
recollection
Definition
to "re-collect" from thinking. to bring back from identification with the form. a perch like breathing.
Term
Bhavana
Definition
"mental development": 1) evenness of mind 2) nirvana.

1) samadhi (concentration) - practicing anapanasati (attention to the breath)
2) prajna (wisdom) - awareness of all sensation and content of the mind. (vipassana)
Term
4 Noble Truths
Definition
1) All existance is characterized by unsatisfactoriness
2) The cause is craving, thirst, selfish desire
3) There is a cure (nirvana)
4) Prescription is the Eightfold Path
Term
3 Marks of Existence
Definition
1) All is impermanent
2) Marked by suffering
3) Beings lack self-subsistence, there is no Atman or essence of things
Term
Explination of Beings lacking a self
Definition
self is a conventional name, like "Dave the Wave"

the Five Heaps/ Aggretages are the aspects, or processes, of the "self"
Beneath these five, there is nothing eternal
Term
5 Heaps/Aggregates/Skandhas
Definition
1) form - all nerves, brain is in place to receive
2) sensation - there's an aroma, sensing a smell
3) perception - recognition
4) samskaras - dispositions, mental formations
5) consciousness - thoughts, reflections, can't eat cause on a diet)
Term
morality
Definition
acting in a way that leads to less suffering so there is peace of mind for yourself and others
Term
Samadhi
Definition
total ease, total concentration
Term
Bhavana
Definition
developing the mind, gaining insight. Prajna and Samadhi
Term
Triangle
Definition
Prajna - Wisdom - insight (vipassana), bring all unconscious to conscious. Realization of non-reactive awareness

Samadhi - Concentration - Recollection, becoming aware of one's identification with thought, feeling, and emotion

Shila - Morality - Avoid hurtful deeds, words, and livelihood. Promotes peace and harmony.
Term
Equinimity
Definition
not reacting, the middle way
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