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ASDFJKL; WORLD GEO..
DO NOT PROCRASTINATE STUDYING. Also: It's best to have them in order.
228
Geography
9th Grade
01/12/2011

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Term
Geography
Definition
Study of everything on Earth
Term
Cartography
Definition
study of maps and map making
Term
Perspective
Definition
Way a person looks at something
Term
Map Projections
Definition
Different ways of presenting the Earth on flat maps
Term
Desired Qualities of a Map
Definition
Distance Scales, Compass Rose, Legend, Other Elements
Term
Five Themes of Geography
Definition
Location, Place, Human & Enviornmental Interaction, Movement, Region
Term
Latitude
Definition
East-West drawn lines on a map
Term
Longitude
Definition
North-South drawn lines on a map
Term
Equator
Definition
Imaginary line circling the middle of the Earth between the North and South Pole
Term
Prime Meridian
Definition
Imaginary line drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole
Term
International Date Line
Definition
arbitrary line approximately along the 180th meridian designated as the place where each calander begins
Term
Map Scale Lines
Definition
Latitude & Longitude
Term
Map Legend
Definition
Something that identifys symbols on a map and what they represent
Term
Great Circle Route
Definition
Shortest route between any two places on the planet
Term
GIS
Definition
(Geographic Information System)
System of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, & analysis of geographic data
Term
Political Map
Definition
Maps that show the world's borders, cities, countries, states, and other political features
Term
Physical Map
Definition
Maps that show natural features, like rivers, mountains, and other bodies of water
Term
annon Domini
Definition
(A.D.) Latin word for the year of our Lord, Jesus Christ
Term
Seven Continents (Largest to Smallest)
Definition
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia
Term
Four Oceans (Largest to Smallest)
Definition
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic
Term
Highest Mountain & its Location
Definition
Mt. Everest; Nepal/Tibet
Term
2nd Highest Mountain & its Location
Definition
Mt. Godwin-Aussten; Location: China-Pakistan
Term
World's Longest Rivers
Definition
1. Nile; 2. Amazon; 3. Yangtze
Term
World's Largest Sea
Definition
Caspian Sea
Term
World's Most Populated Countries
Definition
China & India
Term
Rotation
Definition
Spin of the Earth on its axis
Term
Revolution
Definition
When the Earth goes around the sun
Term
Axis
Definition
a straight imaginary line the earth rotates on
Term
Tilt of the Earth
Definition
23 1/2 degrees
Term
Tropic of Cancer
Definition
section where sun's direct rays hit at their Northernly position at 23 1/2 degrees
Term
Tropic of Capricorn
Definition
section where during the December solstice the Sun's rays are directly at 23 1/2 degrees south, below the equator
Term
Arctic Circle
Definition
A place where no sunshine goes at 66 1/2 degrees north of the equator
Term
Antarctic Circle
Definition
Gets 24 hours of daylight during the December solstice; 66 1/2 degrees South
Term
Equinox
Definition
March 21, September 22
Term
Solstice
Definition
December 21, June 21
Term
Tropics
Definition
warm, low-latitude areas near the equator
Term
Polar Regions
Definition
High-Latitude, cold regions around the North and South pole
Term
Weather
Definition
Conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place
Term
Climate
Definition
Weather Conditions in a region over a long time
Term
Climate Graph
Definition
Graphs showing average temprature and precipitation in a place
Term
Climate affected by: Latitude
Definition
Places with high latitude ar ecolder
Term
Climate affected by: Air Masses
Definition
A large homogenous body of air that has almost uniform conditions of temprature and humidity
Term
Climate affected by: Continental Location
Definition
How close or far away from a large body of water a place is located
Term
Climate affected by: Elevation
Definition
the temprature drops 3 2/3 degrees every 1000 ft.
Term
Climate affected by: Mountain Barriers
Definition
A Rain Shadow will occur because of the Mountain Barriers
Term
Climate affected by: Ocean Currents
Definition
River-like streams that redistribute warm and cold water
Term
Climate affected by: Pressure Cells/Wind Belts
Definition
Prevailing winds fairly constant winds
Term
Climate affected by: Storms
Definition
An Occurance of sever weather indicating a disturbed state of the atmosphere that arises from uplifted air
Term
Rain Shadow
Definition
A drier area on the leeward side of a mountain range
Term
Global Warming
Definition
Process in which Earth grows warmer over a period of time
Term
Greenhouse Effect
Definition
Process in which Earth's atmosphere traps heat energy
Term
Atmosphere
Definition
Envelopes of gases that surrounds a planet like Earth
Term
Lithosphere
Definition
Solid crust of Earth
Term
Hydrosphere
Definition
Earth's water in all of its forms
Term
Biosphere
Definition
part of Earth that includes all life forms
Term
Tropical
Definition
Warm, slow-latitude areas near the equator
Term
Continental
Definition
Overland: Dry
Term
Humid
Definition
containing a high amount of water or water vapor; noticeably moist: humid air; a humid climate
Term
Arctic
Definition
Cold
Term
Maritime
Definition
Over the sea; Wet
Term
Tundra
Definition
Short cool summers; long cold winters
Term
Arid
Definition
Dry
Term
Plate Techtonics
Definition
Theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle
Term
Continental Drift Theory
Definition
theory the process by which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper mantle
Term
Pangea
Definition
the theory that all continents were one big super continent
Term
Pacific Rim
Definition
the part of the Pacific Ocean that touches land
Term
Ring of Fire
Definition
techtonically active Region around the edges of the Pacific
Term
Plate Boundaries
Definition
Divergent Boundaries, Convergent boundaries, Transforming Boundaries
Term
Earthquakes
Definition
what happens when plates rub against another
Term
Volcanoes
Definition
a vent in the crust of the Earth
Term
Hot Spot
Definition
Place where magma wells up to the surface from Earth's mantle
Term
Faults
Definition
places where rocks have been broken apart and are moving away from each other
Term
Folds
Definition
places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates
Term
Mt. Tambora
Definition
had the biggest outburst of volcanic activity ever in history (1815) "A Year Without Sun"
Term
Mt. Vesuvius
Definition
had the first volcanic eruption described in detail
Term
Richter Scale
Definition
A scale ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake
Term
San Andreas Fault
Definition
an active strip-like fault in the western U.S. extending from San Francisco to Southern California and forming an on-land portion of the western margin of the North American Plate
Term
Seismic Waves
Definition
shock waves in solid rock generated by earthquakes or underground explosives
Term
Hurricanes
Definition
a violent, tropical, cyclone storm
Term
Tsunami
Definition
an unusuall large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption
Term
Overpopulation
Definition
to fill with an excessive number of people, straining resources and facilities
Term
Doubling Time
Definition
Amount of time for a given population to double based on the annual growth rate
Term
Birth Rate
Definition
annual number of births per 1000 total population
Term
Death Rate
Definition
Annual number of deaths per 100 total population
Term
Rate of Natural Increase
Definition
Birth Rate - Death Rate = RNI
Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition
Number of people who can be supported by a sustainable level in an area given resources and technology
Term
Infant Mortality Rate
Definition
Annual number of infant deaths under the age of one year per 1000 births
Term
Current World Population
Definition
6.4 billion
Term
Estimated Doubling Time
Definition
50 years
Term
Developed Countries (List)
Definition
Compressed of all of Europe (including Russia), USA, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Australia
Term
Meaning of the Dividing Developed/Undeveloped Countries Line
Definition
All developed countries are above the line, developing countries are below the line
Term
Culture
Definition
all features of a people's way of life
Term
Ethnic Groups
Definition
Human populations that share a common culture or ancestry
Term
Assimilation
Definition
loss of all ethnic traits
Term
Diffusion
Definition
a process occuring when an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted
Term
Innovation
Definition
New idea that a culture accepts
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
Thinking That one's own group is superior
Term
Nation
Definition
a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government
Term
Country
Definition
An indefinite extended expanse of land
Term
Custom
Definition
a usage or practise common to many or to a particular place or class or habitat within an individual
Term
Developed Countries Characteristics
Definition
People are relatively well-off, most are well educated & highly skilled, most live in cities, few work in agriculture, many work in manufacturing and services, transport and communication networks are well developed, energy consumprion is high, Enviornmental control is high, people live long, Population is table/growing slowly. Everything is awesome, and we over use and take for granted things
Term
Developing Countries Characteristics
Definition
People are relatively poor, most people ar enot well educated, most people live in rural areas or urban slums, many work in agriculture, few work in factories and services, transport & communication networks are not well developed, Energy consumption is low, Enviornmental Control is Low, and people don't live long, population growth is rapid. Everything sucks.
Term
Shantytown
Definition
poor town or section of a town
Term
Pull Factors of Migration
Definition
Good economy resources (abundant), climate, opportunities
Term
Push Factors
Definition
Corrupt economy, lack of resources, intoleratable climate
Term
Refugees
Definition
People who have been forced to leave their homes and cannot return
Term
Pop Culture
Definition
Popular beliefs or ways of doing something
Term
Folk Culture
Definition
Traditional old customs
Term
Globalization
Definition
Process in which connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike
Term
Market Economy
Definition
Economic system in which people choose freely what to do and sell
Term
Free Enterprise
Definition
System that lets competition amoung buisness determine the price of products
Term
Commmand Economy
Definition
Economic system in which the government deicdes what to produce, where to make it, and what to charge
Term
Totaltarian Government
Definition
Government in which one person or a small group of people rule a country and in which the people have no say
Term
Democracy
Definition
System of government in which the people decide who will govern
Term
Diplomacy
Definition
skill in handleing affairs without arousing hostility
Term
Taiffs
Definition
taxes on imports and exports
Term
Quotas
Definition
(in trade matters) limits on the amount of a product that can be imported
Term
(GPD) Gross Domestic Product
Definition
only those goods & services created within the country
Term
Infrastructure
Definition
System of roads, parts, and other facilities needed by a modern economy
Term
Domestication
Definition
Process in which people grow plants and tame the animals for their own use
Term
Urbaization
Definition
Growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
Term
(CBD) Central Buisness District
Definition
Transportation hubs where roads, railroads and buisnesses and buses come together
Term
Subsistence Agriculture
Definition
Agricultural system in which farmers grow products to sell to consumers
Term
Market-Oriented Agriculture
Definition
Agricultural System in which farmers grow products to sell to consumers
Term
Agribuisness
Definition
Operation of specialized Commercial farms for more efficiency and profits
Term
Shifting Agriculture
Hint: (Slash & Burn)
Definition
process in which farmers clear trees or brush for short-term planting of crops before moving on to clear another area
Term
Pastoralism
Definition
Type of subsistence agriculture involving herding animals
Term
2nd Largest Country
Definition
Canada
Term
3rd Largest Country
Definition
America
Term
Trade Relationship of Canada & U.S.
Definition
Closest & most extensive in the world
America and Canada are bros.
Term
NAFTA
Definition
North American Free Trade Agreement
Term
U.S. & Canada border
Definition
49th Parallel (a real latitude coordinate) is what sets the border line
Term
U.S. & Canada History
Definition
Both began as colonies of European powers. America broke its Britain ties through war, Canada retained their ties
Term
Fall Line
Definition
Imaginary line, marked by waterfalls and rapids, where rivers descend abruptly from an upland to lowland
Term
Piedmont
Definition
Plateu between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains, including parts of west Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia & Alabama
Term
Continental Divide
Definition
Divide separating river systems that flow to opposite sides of the continent
Term
Mt. McKinley
Definition
A mountain in central Alaska; highest peak in North America
Term
Mt. Logan
Definition
Mountain in Canada; 2nd highest North American peak
Term
Appalachian Mountains
Definition
Mountain range in North American, extends from Southern Quebec, to Norther Alabama
Term
Rocky Mountains
Definition
Chief Mountain System in North America extending from central new Mexico to Northern Alaska
Term
Sierra Nevada
Definition
Mountain range in East california
Highest Point: Mt. Whitney
Term
Mississippi River
Definition
Flowing South From Northern Minnesota to the gulf of Mexico
Term
Hudson Bay
Definition
Large Inland Sea in Northern Canada
Term
Great Lakes
Definition
Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario
Term
Canadian Shield
Definition
Extensive region making up much of northern and central Canada
Term
Great Plains
Definition
Semi-arid region East of the Rocky Mountains (in U.S. and Canada)
Term
Atlantic Coastal Plain
Definition
Relatively flat land form South East of U.S.
Term
St. Lawrence Sea Way
Definition
series of channels, locks, & canals between Montreal and the mouth of Lake Ontario
Term
Fossil Fuels
Definition
Any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of life
Term
Federal System of Government
Definition
A type of government that divides the powers of government between the national (federal) government and state & local governments
Term
Canada's Provinces, & Territories with Capitals
Definition
Explaining Slide, no brain work really needed
Term
Yukon
Definition
Whitehorse
Term
Northwest Territories
Definition
Yellowknife
Term
Nunavut
Definition
Iqaluit
Term
British Columbia
Definition
Victoria
Term
Alberta
Definition
Edmonton
Term
Saskatchewan
Definition
Regina
Term
Manitoba
Definition
Winnipeg
Term
Ontario
Definition
Ottowa
Term
Quebec
Definition
Quebec City
Term
New Brunswick
Definition
Frederickton
Term
Prince Edward Island
Definition
Charlottetown
Term
Nova Scotia
Definition
Haliflax
Term
Newfoundland
Definition
St. John's
Term
Parliament
Definition
Legislative body in any various other countries
Term
Canada's Current Prime Minister
Definition
Steven Harper
Term
Canada's Most Populated City
Definition
Toronto
Term
Canada's Most Populated Province
Definition
Ontario
Term
Canada's Largest Province
Definition
Quebec
Term
Canada's Newest Territory
Definition
Nunavut
Term
Maritime Region Characteristics
Definition
Rural resource based economies (fishing, agriculture, forestry, coal mining)
Term
Prairie Provinces Characteristics
Definition
Made up of Alberta, Saskatchewan, & Manitoba
Term
Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Seaway provinces
Definition
Most heavily populated
Term
British Columbia & Territories Characteristics
Definition
Oil and Uranium are there
Term
Megaopolis
Definition
Large city made up of surrounding areas
Term
Metropolitan
Definition
pertaining to a large city, its surrounding suburbs and other neighboring communities
Term
Arable
Definition
a place that's good for crop growing
Term
Silicon Valley
Definition
An industrial strip in West California extending South of San Francisco in which U.S. information Technology industry is contracted
Term
Wheat Belt
Definition
The Region of the U.S. Interior West specializing in growing wheat
Term
Rust Belt
Definition
area in U.S. named after the many closed down businesses
Term
Corn Belt
Definition
Region in midwestern U.S. where corn has come from
Term
Dairy Belt
Definition
Region of U.S. midwest specializing in Dairy products
Term
Canal 2000
Definition
alter disputs over sovernegnty
Term
Angel Falls
Definition
World's Largest Waterfall
Term
Lake Titicaca
Definition
lake between Bolivia and Peru at an elevation of 12,500 feet (3,810 m)
Term
Guachos
Definition
South American cowboy from the Pampas
Term
Pampas
Definition
Wide fertile grasslands in Southern America
Term
Subduction
Definition
action or process of one crustal plate decending below the edge of another
Term
Patagonia
Definition
Arid region of plains and windswept plateaus in southern Argentina
Term
Atacama Desert
Definition
Desert in Northern Chile
Term
Mt. Aconcagua
Definition
South America's highest peak
Term
Amazon River & Rain Forest
Definition
Major River & forest in South America
Term
Iguazu Falls
Definition
Area of Falls over 2 miles in width
Term
Lake Maracaibo & oil
Definition
Important oil producing region
(has 6% of world's oil
Term
Cacao
Definition
Type of tree from which we get cacao
Term
Favelas
Definition
Large Slums around Brazilian Cities
Term
Mouth
Definition
A place where a river or stream enters a large body of water
Term
Delta
Definition
Alluva deposite at the mouth of a river
Term
Source
Definition
point of origin
Term
Rio de la Plata
Definition
estuary between Argentina & Uruga in South America
Term
Mestizos
Definition
people with African & European ancestry
Term
Maquiladoras
Definition
Special factories in Mexico owned mainly by American Companies
Term
South America Countries and Capitals
Definition
Yep.
Term
Mexico
Definition
Mexico City
Term
Guatamala
Definition
Guatamala City
Term
Belize
Definition
Belmopan
Term
El Salvador
Definition
San Salvador
Term
Honduras
Definition
Tegucigalpa
Term
Nicargua
Definition
Managua
Term
Costa Rica
Definition
San Jose
Term
Panama
Definition
Panama City
Term
Columbia
Definition
Bogata'
Term
Venezuela
Definition
Caracas
Term
Guyana
Definition
Georgetown
Term
Suriname
Definition
Paramaribo
Term
French Gulana
Definition
Cayenne
Term
Brazil
Definition
Brasilia
Term
Ecuador
Definition
Quito
Term
Peru
Definition
Linda
Term
Bolivia
Definition
La Paz
Term
Paraguay
Definition
Asuncion
Term
Uraguay
Definition
Montevideo
Term
Argentina
Definition
Buenas Aires
Term
Cuba
Definition
Havana
Term
Jamacia
Definition
Kingston
Term
Haiti
Definition
Port-au-France
Term
Dominican Republic
Definition
Santo Domingo
Term
Puerto Rico
Definition
San Juan
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