Term
| During the sensorimotor period: | a. | children are learning about reversibility of set | | b. | a child’s schema involves mostly sensory and motor abilities | | c. | mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world | | d. | individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions | |
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Definition
| b. | a child’s schema involves mostly sensory and motor abilities | |
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| Four-year-old Keifer says, "We wented to school." This most likely indicates that: | a. | Keifer's parents use poor English at home | | b. | Keifer has forgotten the proper way to form past tense | | c. | English is not Keifer's native language | | d. | Keifer is overgeneralizing a grammatical rule | |
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Definition
| d. | Keifer is overgeneralizing a grammatical rule |
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Term
| According to psychologists, elaboration in memory involves: | a. | internal repetition of information to be recalled | | b. | forming connections between new information and information already in memory | | c. | rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns | | d. | creating a visual image of the information that is to be stored in memory | |
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Definition
| b. | forming connections between new information and information already in memory |
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Term
| Freud suggested that the portion of the personality that seeks immediate gratification of innate urges is: | a. | the superego | | b. | the ego | | c. | the id | | d. | the collective unconscious | |
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Definition
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| Mora has just turned four, and she has started acting with hostility toward her mother. At the same time, she wants her father's undivided attention all the time. According to Freud, Mora would currently be in the: | a. | genital stage of personality development | | b. | phallic stage of personality development | | c. | latency period of personality development | | d. | anal stage of personality development | |
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Definition
| b. | phallic stage of personality development |
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Term
| Derek is playing with a red ball when it rolls under the couch. Even though he cannot see where the ball went, Derek immediately starts to search for it. According to Piaget, this would suggest that Derek: | a. | has not yet mastered object permanence | | b. | does not yet understand conservation | | c. | has mastered the concept of conservation | | d. | understands object permanence | |
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Definition
| d. | understands object permanence |
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Term
| According to Piaget, during the concrete operational period: | a. | schemata revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities | | b. | children have a difficult time understanding reversibility | | c. | individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions | | d. | mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world | |
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Definition
| d. | mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world |
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Term
| Babies generally start babbling: | a. | in the first few hours after they are born | | b. | during the first month | | c. | between the ages of 4 and 6 months | | d. | between the ages of 2 and 3 months | |
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Definition
| c. | between the ages of 4 and 6 months |
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Term
jung proposed that the collective unconscious contains: | a. | all the forbidden desires and traumas accumulated over the person's life | | b. | the ego and its defense mechanisms | | c. | archetypes, symbols of enduring concepts passed from one generation to the next | | d. | a driving force to overcome inferiority and to achieve superiority | |
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Definition
| c. | archetypes, symbols of enduring concepts passed from one generation to the next |
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Term
| A tendency to only see objects and their potential uses in typical ways is called: | a. | functional fixedness | | b. | belief persistence | | c. | the availability heuristic | | d. | representativeness | |
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Definition
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| According to Erikson, during the first year of life young infants must resolve the psychosocial crisis of: | a. | initiative versus guilt | | b. | industry versus inferiority | | c. | generativity versus stagnation | | d. | trust versus mistrust | |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Piaget, during the formal operational period: | a. | schemata revolve primarily around sensory and motor abilities | | b. | children have a difficult time understanding reversibility | | c. | individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions | | d. | mental operations are tied to actual objects in the real world | |
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Definition
| c. | individuals can consider hypothetical outcomes and make logical deductions |
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Term
| The internal repetition of the contents of short-term memory is referred to as: | a. | rehearsal | | b. | chunking | | c. | elaboration | | d. | repression | |
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Definition
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Term
| The second stage in Freud's conception of psychosexual development, which occurs during the second year of life, is the: | a. | oral stage | | b. | latency period | | c. | anal stage | | d. | phallic stage | |
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Definition
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Term
| Three essential characteristics in any spoken language are: | a. | phonology, morphology, and grammar | | b. | phonology, syntax and semantics | | c. | grammar, syntax, and structure | | d. | semantics, morphology, and meaning | |
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Definition
| b. | phonology, syntax and semantics |
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Term
| Personality tests that are based on the assumption that people's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli will reveal elements of their personality are called: | a. | projective tests | | b. | self-report tests | | c. | objective tests | | d. | personality inventories | |
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Definition
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| Giving self-justifying plausible excuses that hide the real reasons for our behavior defines the defense mechanism known as: | a. | regression | | b. | reaction formation | | c. | projection | | d. | rationalization | |
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Definition
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Term
Four-year-old Brittany mistakes her next-door neighbor's new pet rabbit for a kitty cat. Brittany's error best illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as:
accommodation
assimilation
object permanence
centration
d. |
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Definition
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Term
According to Piaget, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemata is called:accommodation
centration
conservation
assimilation |
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Definition
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Term
According to Piaget, the sensorimotor period of development lasts from:
a. the age of 2 through age 7
b. the age of 7 through age 11
c. the age of 11 through adulthood
d. birth through the age of 2 |
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Definition
| d. birth through the age of 2 |
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Term
According to psychologists, the basic processes involved in memory are:
a. rehearsal, organization, and interference
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval
c. retrograde and anterograde
d. primacy and recency |
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Definition
| b. encoding, storage, and retrieval |
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Term
The pattern of maturation within the nervous system would suggest that most newborn infants would be able to control:
a. their legs better than their arms
b. their fingers better than their hands
c. their feet better than their hands
d. their arms better than their feet |
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Definition
| d. their arms better than their feet |
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Term
A class of objects that most people agree belongs together is called:
a. an algorithm
b. a hierarchy
c. a category
d. a prototype |
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Definition
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Term
According to Gordon Allport, cardinal traits are:
a. personality traits that dominate an individual's life
b. a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual
c. less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior
d. three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals |
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Definition
| a. personality traits that dominate an individual's life |
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Term
Our knowledge about how to perform complex tasks is referred to as:
a. episodic memory
b. semantic memory
c. procedural memory
d. acoustic memory |
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Definition
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Term
According to Mary Ainsworth, a child who shows concern when the mother leaves, but who calms down rapidly when she returns, is displaying:
a. a resistant attachment
b. a secure attachment
c. an avoidant attachment
d. no attachment |
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Definition
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Term
According to Freud, the superego is the portion of the personality:
a. that is governed by inborn instinctual drives
b. that motivates people to act in accordance with society's moral customs
c. that induces people to act with reason and deliberation
d. that is usually inactive, but contains potentially accessible thoughts and memories |
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Definition
| b. that motivates people to act in accordance with society's moral customs |
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