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Definition
| Individual nerve cells that transmit electrical signals from one location to another in the nervous system. |
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| Part of the neuron containing the nucleus, is responsible for the life of the neuron, and it connects the dendrites to the axon. |
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| Receive information from other neurons and relays it to the Soma. |
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Definition
| Is a long thin tube that extends from the Soma and responds to the information by transmitting an electrochemical signal which travels to the terminus, where the signal can be transmitted to other neurons. |
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Definition
| A white fatty substance that insultaes and protexts axons from electrical interference by other neurons in the area and speeds up conduction along the length of the Axon. |
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Definition
| Small gaps in the myelin that incrreas conduction speed even more. No present on all axons. |
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| are the smal knobs found at the end of the branches of an axon that do not directly touch the dendrites of the next neuron. |
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| juncture between the terminal button of a neuron and the dendrite of another of another neuron. |
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Definition
| are chemical messengers that are released from the terminal button at the synapse to transmit information to adjacent neurons |
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| Types of Neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| 1. Monoamine neurontransmitters--synthesized from our diet.
2. Amino-acid Neurotransmitters--obtained from diet without synthesis.
3. Neuropeptides--made up of two or more amino acids. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| all nerve cells except those found in the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| network of tiny blood vessels that screens out large molecules from the brain. |
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| Sympathetic portion of the Automonic PNS |
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Definition
| Responsible for excitation under stress (Fight or Flight response). |
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| Parasympathetic portion of the Autonomic PNS |
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Definition
| Responsible for maintaining body functions. Resets body after autonomic excitation. |
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Term
| Electroencephalograms (EEGs) |
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Definition
| Used to record electrical activity in the brain by measuring frequencies and intensities using electrodes placed on scalp of subject. |
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Term
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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Definition
| Reveals high-resolution images of the structure of the living brain by computing and analyzing magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body. |
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| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| relies on increased glucose consumption in active brain areas during particular kinds of information processing. |
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| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) |
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Definition
| uses much more powerful magnets to detect changes in oxygen consumption to image brain activity. Often combined with cognitive tasks to observe where the activity is occuring. |
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Definition
| located towards the top and front of the brain and is comprised of the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the lymbic system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
| is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres (1-3 milimeters) and is vital to thinking and other higher mental processes. Makes up 80% of the brain. |
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| a collection of neurons crucial to motor function. |
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Definition
| Responsible for emotions, motivation, memory, and learning. |
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Definition
| is part of the lymbic system and plays a role in anger and aggression and the septum is involved in anger and fear. |
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Definition
| plays an essential role in memory formation. |
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Definition
| relays incoming sensory information through groups of neurons that project to the appropriate region in the cortex. Controls sleeping and waking |
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Definition
| interacts with the limbic system to regulate behavior related to species survival, fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating. Also helps regulate emotions and reactions to stress. |
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Definition
| is more important in nonmammals. helps control eye movement and coordination. |
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Term
| Reticular Activating System |
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Definition
| Part of the midbrain, responsible for wakefulness, arousal, some levels of attention, and life functions. |
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Definition
| Made up of the hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain and the hindbrain; connects the forebrain to the spinal cord; forms the core of life functions. |
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Definition
| contains the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. |
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Definition
| Divided into right and left sides. Each responsible of different functions. |
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Definition
| Refers to when information is routed from one side of the body to the opposite cerebral hemispher |
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Definition
| When transmission occurs on the same side. |
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Definition
| Dense aggregate of neural fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres that allows the sharing of information between the right and left sides. |
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Definition
| Have had their corpus callosum severed, usually in response to life threatening seizures. results in two seporate brains that process information and performing functions differently. |
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Definition
| Motor Processing and higher thought processes. |
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Definition
| Somatosensory processing (sensations in the skin and muscles). |
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Definition
| Portion of the frontal lobe that is responsible for planning, control and execution of movement. Located in the Precentral Gyrus |
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Term
| Primary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| receives information from the sense abour pressure, texture, temperature, and pain. Located in the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe |
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Definition
| a neural structure responsible for the transmission of input from the eyes contralaterally to the occipital lobe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Areas of the lobes that are not part of the somatosensory, motor, auditory, or visual corticies. Damage to them can effect functions such as language or speech. |
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