Term
| What are the types of joints based on structure? |
|
Definition
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of joints based on function? |
|
Definition
synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses |
|
|
Term
| Do functional joints joined by fibrous tissues have a joint capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are types fibrous joints? |
|
Definition
| sutures/synostoses, syndesmoses, and gomphoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a joint held together with very short, interconnecting fibers and bone edges that interlock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of a synostoses joint (suture). |
|
Definition
| fibrous tissue replaced by bone; immovable (synarthrotic) joint |
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of a syndesmoses joint. |
|
Definition
| joined by fibrous connective tissue; slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic) joint |
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of a gomphoses joint. |
|
Definition
| between teeth and jaw; immovable joint (synarthrotic) |
|
|
Term
| What is a syndesmoses joint? |
|
Definition
| a joint held together by a ligament; fibrous tissue can vary in length, but is longer than in sutures |
|
|
Term
| What is a gomphoses joint? |
|
Definition
| "peg in socket" joint; periodontal ligament that holds the tooth in its socket |
|
|
Term
| What are types of cartilaginous joints? |
|
Definition
| synchondroses and sypmphyses |
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of a synchondroses joint. |
|
Definition
| a joint joined by hyaline cartilage;immovable joint (synarthrotic) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the characteristics of a symphyses joint. |
|
Definition
| hyalin cartilage with an intervening pad of fibrous cartilage; slightly movable joint (amphiarthrotic) |
|
|
Term
| Do cartilaginous joints joined by cartilage tissue have a joint capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a synchondroses joint? |
|
Definition
| bones united by hyaline cartilage; epiphesial plate |
|
|
Term
| What is a symphyses joint? |
|
Definition
| bones united by fibrocartilage that acts as shock absorbers; pubic symphyses or intervertebral disc |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a synovial joint? |
|
Definition
| they are separated by a fluid-filled cavity, all are diarthrotic, and most joints of the body are this |
|
|
Term
| What are some distinguishing features of a synovial joint? |
|
Definition
articular cartilage
joint of synovial cavity
articular capsule
synovial fluid
ligaments
accessory structures |
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory structures of a synovial joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are menisci and what are their significance? |
|
Definition
| they are cartilaginous structures within joints (found between hyalin cartilage); they act as spacers and shock absorbers and they aid in joint congruency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous rings to deepen a joint cavity |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a tendon and ligament? |
|
Definition
tendons connect muscle to bone
ligaments connect bone to bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of articular cartilage? |
|
Definition
| covers the end of each bone in order to reduce friction |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the joint/synovial cavity? |
|
Definition
| it is formed by a surrounding capsule which is a dense fibrous membrane that holds the two segments together |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the synovial membrane? |
|
Definition
| it produces and secretes synovial fluid and lines the internal surface of the joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the synovial fluid? |
|
Definition
| it is produced by the synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of ligaments? |
|
Definition
| they reinforce the joint capsule and connect bone to bone |
|
|
Term
| Are accessory joints found on every joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the menisci located and why is this important? |
|
Definition
| only in the knee, and they maintain the proper alignment of the femur on the knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are movements associated with the synovial joint? |
|
Definition
-gliding
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction/circumduction
-dorsi/plantar extension of ankle
-rotation
-supination/pronation
-inversion/eversion
-protraction/retraction
-elevation/depression |
|
|
Term
| Describe a gliding movement. |
|
Definition
| accessory joint motions as surfaces of bones rub or glide on one another |
|
|
Term
| Is a gliding motion voluntary or involuntary? |
|
Definition
| involuntary; you can't consciously do it |
|
|
Term
| What is it meant by when a joint is referred to as an accessory motion? |
|
Definition
| it accompanies other gross movement actions |
|
|
Term
| Describe a flexion movement. |
|
Definition
| a movement that increases the angle of the joint from anatomical position |
|
|
Term
| Describe an extension movement. |
|
Definition
| a movement that decreases the angle of the joint back to the anatomical position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement at a joint to a position beyond the joint's normal maximum extension |
|
|
Term
| How does hyperextension happen? |
|
Definition
| it may happen due to certain elaticities or overstretching of the joint capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moving the knee from bent to straight (decreasing the angle to the body) |
|
|
Term
| Describe an abduction movement. |
|
Definition
| a motion which directs a body part laterally AWAY from the body within a coronal plane |
|
|
Term
| Describe an adduction movement. |
|
Definition
| a motion which directs the body part laterally TOWARDS the body within a coronal plane |
|
|
Term
| Describe a circumduction movement. |
|
Definition
| a conical motion where the limb may swing in a circular, pendulum-like motion |
|
|
Term
| Where is circumduction possible? |
|
Definition
| the shoulder and hip joint |
|
|
Term
| Describe a dorsi extension movement. |
|
Definition
| lifting the dorsum of the foot while keeping the heel firmly in place (flex) |
|
|
Term
| Describe a plantar extension movement. |
|
Definition
| pushing down with the toes while keeping the heel in place (pike) |
|
|
Term
| Where does flexion occur? |
|
Definition
| only at ankle joint where the talus meets the ankle mortis |
|
|
Term
| Describe a left/right rotational movement. |
|
Definition
| ex: rotating about the spine |
|
|
Term
| Describe a medial/lateral rotational movement. |
|
Definition
medial: moving segment towards body
lateral: moving segment away from body |
|
|
Term
| What allows the head to rotate left/right? |
|
Definition
| the atlas/axis joint of the neck |
|
|
Term
| Describe a supination movement. |
|
Definition
| palm up movement in which the radius/ulna are parallel to each other |
|
|
Term
| Describe a pronation movement. |
|
Definition
| palm down movement in which the radius rotates over the ulna |
|
|
Term
| Where does pronation/supination occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe an inversion movement. |
|
Definition
| motion of rolling the foot so that the medial arch is facing toward the midline |
|
|
Term
| Describe an eversion movement. |
|
Definition
| motion of rolling the foot so that the medial arch is facing toward the lateral side |
|
|
Term
| How is inversion/eversion produced? |
|
Definition
| a movement of the subtalor joint in the ankle |
|
|
Term
| Describe a protraction movement. |
|
Definition
| a forward glide/slide in a horizontal plane |
|
|
Term
| Describe a retraction movement. |
|
Definition
| a reverse glide/slide in a horizontal plane |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of protraction/retraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe an elevation movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe a depression movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joints are capable of elevation/depression? |
|
Definition
| the temporomandibular joint and where the scapula hands from the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a gliding movement? |
|
Definition
| carpal bones gliding on each other when making a wrist movement |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a flexion movement? |
|
Definition
-moving arm up in front of body (hail Hitler)
-bending knee behind you |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an extention movement? |
|
Definition
-returning arm from in front of body (no more hail Hitler)
-returning the knee to the ground |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an abduction movement? |
|
Definition
-raising arm up laterally (jumping jack)
-raising leg up laterally (snow angel) |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an adduction movement? |
|
Definition
-lowering arm laterally (jumping jack)
-lowering leg laterally (snow angel) |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a circumduction movement? |
|
Definition
| moving arms or legs in a circular motion |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a dorsi plantar flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a dorsi plantar extension? |
|
Definition
| pointing foot (tippy-toes) |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of rotation? |
|
Definition
-rotating when cracking spine on chair
-shaking head
-standing with feet pointing medially or laterally |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of supination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of pronation? |
|
Definition
| "Push up" palm faced down |
|
|
