1. Give the skeleton mobility

2. Hold bones together

Structural:
1. Fibrous- Connective Tissue fibers (no cavity)
2. Cartilaginous- Cartilage (no cavity)
3. Synovial- Fluid filled cavity

Functional:
1. Synarthrosis- immovable
2. Ampiarthrosis- slightly moveable
3. Diarthosis- freely movable

Fibrous joint,

Synarthrotic,

"Seams," bones connected by short fibers on connective tissue,

the edges are interdigitated,

may become ossified in adults,

Ex Skull between cranial bones

Fiberous joint,

varies from synarthrotic to amphiarthotic,

sheet or chord (ligament) of fibrous connective tissue,

fibers are generally short,

EX: ligament at the tibial fibular joint, interosseus membrane or the radius-ulnar joint.

Fiberous joint,

synarthrotic, articulation of tooth with the jaw (mandible & maxilla),

fiberous connective tissue

Cartilaginous joint,

varies between synarthotic- amphiarthrotic,

Bones connected by a bar/plater of hyaline cartilage,

a little strength and flexibility,

Ex: epiphysial plate, 1st rib & manubrium of strenum

Cartilaginous joint,

ampiarthrotic,

fibrocartilage between 2 hyline cartilage plates,

greater strength with some flexibility,

EX: intervertebral joints, pibic symphysis

articulating bones separated by a fluid filled cavity.

Diarthrotic

Ex: most joints in body especially limbs

Hyline cartilage

Decreases friction, wear on bones, and absorbs shock

double layer capsule surroundig the synovial cavity

The exterial layer of the capsule is called a fibrous capsule made of dense irregular c.t.

The inner layer is a synovial membrane made up of areolar c.t.

Fill the capsule and articular cartilage

made from the blood so it nourishes the cartilage

thick and vicous

wieght baring and shock absorbing

decreases friction

they direct movement

the more ligaments the stronger the joint

possible to stretch or tear them

if your ligament are the major support than the joint will not be strong.

With the articular capsule

called intrinsic/capsular ligaments

AKA menisci

Wedges of fibrocartilage

Separate the articular surface of bone

Divide synovial flius into cavities

Make joint more stable

Ex. Knee, Jaw (TMJ)

A flattened sac line with synovial membrane and contains synovial fluid

Present were ligaments, tendons, muscle, and skin rub against bone Act as a "ball-bearing" 

Maybe present at birth or develope where need later on to protect from excess motion

Ex. Knee, shoulder

Elonged bursae

Wrap around tendons

Number of ligament

Muscles and tendons

Shap of  articular surface

Simplest

Flat end of bone slips across another flat surface

No angular or rotary movement

Between carpals or tarsals

Flat surfaces that slide across each other

Carpals and tarsals

Joint resembles a mechanial hinge

Extension and flexion can occur

Elbow, phangies

around protrusion extends into the sleeve of another bone

Roation can occur

radius & ulna and atlas & dens

Articulating oval surfaces

Permit all angular motion

Wrist and knuckle joints

Resemble condylar joint but allow for greater movement

Thumb joint

Universal movement allow

Shoulder and Hip joint

Bone moved out of position

Needs to be reduce (pushed back in)

Degenerative

Problem with articular cartilage

Effects the older

Maybe an auto immune disease

Inflamitory