Term
| Discuss the relationship between the stability of a joint and its range of motion. |
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Definition
More Stability= Less range of motion
Less Stability= More range of motion |
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Term
| How does a meniscus function in a joint? |
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Definition
transfers weight load from the femur to the fibia and tibula.
The stabalize the knee during flexion, extension, and circular movements |
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Term
| How does articular cartilage differ from other cartilage in the body? |
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Definition
It has no perichondrium.
Matrix containes water
Surface is slick and smooth
Has a layer of synovial fluid |
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Term
| Which joint has a greater likelihood of dislocating, hip or shoulder? Why? |
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Definition
Shoulder because it has a greater range of motion and a shallower glenoid cavity. |
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Term
| List 3 functions of the synovial fluid. |
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Definition
- Minimize friction (lubrication)
- Shock Absorption
- Nutrient distribution
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Term
| List the types of movement that may be permitted at a synovial joint. |
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Definition
Linear motion: any direction
Angular: Felxion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion. |
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Term
| List and describe the 3 types of joint cavities based on range of motion. |
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Definition
- Synarthrosis: Immovable, Fibrous or cartilaginous, overtime bones may fuse.
- Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable, either fibrous or cartilaginous
- Diarthrosis:Freely movable, synovial joint
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Term
| List and give examples of the 4 types of synarthroses. |
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Definition
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Suture: Frontal, Sagittal, Suture
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Synchondroses: Connection of 1st pair of vertebrosternal ribs and sternum
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Gomphoses: Binds teeth to bony sockets in macialla and mandible
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Synostoses: Epiphyseal line, frontal suture.
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Term
| List and give an example of the 2 types of amphiarthroses. |
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Definition
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Syndesmosis: Distal articulation between tibia and fibula.
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Symphysis: Bones seperated by a pad of fibrous cartilage, intervertebral disks.
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Term
| List and describe (give function) of the components of a synovial joint. |
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Definition
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Articular Cartilage: Minimizes friction
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Synovial Fluid: Clear viscous, shock absorption, lubrication, nutrient distribution
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Accessory Structures: Pads of cartilage, fat pads, ligaments (bone to bone) Tendons ( bone to muscle)
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Term
| What is bursitis? What is the most common type of bursitis? |
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Definition
Inflamation of a bursa. Bunion. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between luxation, subluxation, and double jointed. |
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Definition
Luxation: dislocation
Subluxation: Partial dislocation
Double Jointed: weakly stabalized joints= greater range of motion |
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Term
| List and describe the types of angular motion. |
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Definition
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Abduction: movement away from midline
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Adduction: movement toward midline
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Circumduction: Movement around
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Flexion: reduces angle between articulating bones, flexion of shoulder or hips moves
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Extension: Increase angle between articulating bones, Extension shoulder & hips moves limbs posteriorly. In anatomical position all joints except ankles are in full extension
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Hyperextension:extension past anatomical position
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Term
| Differentiate between a slipped disk and a herniated disk. |
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Definition
Slipped Disk: Occurs when the ligaments are weakened. The nucleus pulposus may distort the anulus fibrosus forcing it partway into the vertebral canal
Herniated Disk:The nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus. The protrusion compresses nerves, causing pain
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Term
| What factors contribute to the characteristic decrease in height with advancing age? |
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Definition
Aging decreases the amount of water in the nucleus pulposus therefore decreasing height and increasing risk of vertebral injury
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Term
Name the bones that make up the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.
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Definition
Shoulder:Scapula, Clavical, & Humerous
Elbow:Humerus, Radius, & Ulna
Knee Joints: Femur, Tibia, & patella |
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Term
| What signs and symptoms would you expect with a torn meniscus? |
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Definition
- If a locked knee is struck from the lateral side, the lateral meniscus can tear
- Placing a lot of weight on the knee while it is partly flexed can trap the meniscus and result in a tear
- Pain with running or walking longer distances
- Intermittent swelling of the knee joint
- Popping
- Locking
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Term
| Which tissues or structures provide most of the stability for the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
Glenoid labrum
Fibrocartilaginous membrane that continues beyond the bony rim of the glenoid cavity
Deepens the socket
Ligaments
Glenohumeral, Coracohumeral, Coracoacromial, Coracoclavicular, Arcromioclavicular
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Term
What types of movements can occur across intervertebral joints?
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Definition
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
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Term
7. Which regions of the vertebral column lack intervertebral disks? Why?
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Definition
No disks are present
C1 & 2, sacrum, coccyx
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Term
Dislocations involving synovial joints are usually prevented by:
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Definition
A) structures such as ligaments that stabilize and support the joint.
B) the shape of the articulating surface.
C) the presence of other bones that prevent certain movements.
D) the position of muscles and fat pads that limit the degree of movement. |
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Term
| How are osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis different? |
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Definition
Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease, 60+ years old, Cumulative wear and tear on the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis : Autoimmune, Body attacks its own tissues, Fluid accumulation, Immunosupressor drug therapy, 1% of adult population
Gouty Arthritis (a.k.a., Gout):Crystals of uric acid form with in the synovial fluid joints, Primarily affects the first metatarsal/phalangeal joint, Increasing incidence, Metabolic syndrome, Diet high in alcohol, red meats, and sugar
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Term
10. Name and give function of the ligaments that support the vertebral,
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Definition
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Connects the anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Parallels the anterior longitudinal ligament and connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies
Interspinous ligament
Connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
Supraspinous ligament
Interconnects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum
Ligamentum nuchae
Extends from C7 to the base of the skull, continuous with the supraspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
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Term
| Ligaments of the shoulder |
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Definition
Glenohumeral
Coracohumeral
Coracoacromial
Coracoclavicular
Arcromioclavicular
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Term
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Definition
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Transverse acetabular ligament – crosses the acetabular notch
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Term
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Definition
Radial collateral ligament – stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow; several points of attachment
Annular ligament – binds the head of the radius to the ulna
Ulnar collateral ligament – stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint; several points of attachment
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Term
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Definition
- Patellar ligament (anterior)
- Popliteal ligaments (2 - posterior)
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Tibial collateral ligament (a.k.a. Medial collateral ligament or MCL)
- Fibular collateral ligament (a.k.a. Lateral collateral ligament, or LCL)
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Term
| Under what circumstances may the meniscus of the knee tear? |
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Definition
- If a locked knee is struck from the lateral side, the lateral meniscus can tear
- Placing a lot of weight on the knee while it is partly flexed can trap the meniscus and result in a tear
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Term
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Definition
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
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