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Definition
| restricted phoneme use, such as not using phonemes in all possible word positions |
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| the repertoire of phonemes used constrastively by a particular person |
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Definition
| two words that differ by only one phoneme |
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| a description of allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language-- or how phonemes can and cannot be arranged to form meaningful words |
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Definition
| refers to changes that occur in a phoneme when produced by different speakers in different contexts; the phonetic realization of a phoneme; also called allophonic variation of phonetic variations; still perceived as nothing more than a variation of a phoneme |
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Term
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Definition
the smallest linguistic unit that is able, when combined with other similar units, to establish word meaning and distinguish between them
(can not be referenced without reference to a language) |
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Term
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Definition
represent actual physical realities; the end product of articulatory motor process; also serve a linguistic function, including the ruled that address how specific sound units can be arranged to produce words
(can be examined without reference to a language) |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of language used to communicate in various social contexts; including the reason for talking, conversational skills, the ability to modify speech for different listeners and situations; the use of facial expressions, body gestures, and word emphasis to convey different meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the sound systems and patterns of phonemes that occur in a language; including the language specific distinctive phonemes and the rule goverened nature of those systems; the study of how phonemes are organized and function in communication |
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Definition
| the studyof the meanings of words; some words have more than one meaning; some words share common characteristics; and certain phrases and sentences may have specific or more than one meaning |
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Definition
| studies the structure of words, how words are built out of pieces or morphemes--the smallest meaningful unit of a language |
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Definition
| a rule governed, complex, dynamic system of conventional symbols used in various modes for thought and communication consisting of at least five parameters |
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Definition
| the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words; the most widely used means of communication |
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Definition
| any act in which information is given or received from another person regarding that person's needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states |
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Definition
| the rules denoting word, phrase, and clause order, sentence organization and the relationship between words and word classes |
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Definition
| the totality of the motor processes involved in the planning and executio9n of sequences of over-lapping gestures that result in soeech; implies a developmental process, gradual acquisition of the ability to move the articulators in a precise and rapid manner |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of speech emphasizing the description and classification of speech sounds according to their production, transmission and perceptual features. has three branches artic. acoustic and auditory |
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Definition
| the study of the transmission properties of speech (frequency, intensity, duration of speech sounds) |
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Definition
| deals with the production features of speech sounds, their catagorization and classification according to specific production parameters |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the median plane that divides the vocal tract into right and left halves |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative loudness of a sound relative to that of other sounds with the same length, stress, and pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| consonants produced with a relatively open expiratory passageway; includes the nasals, glides, and liquids |
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Term
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Definition
| demonstrating more acoustic energy, having at least 2 formant areas |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of vowels and specific consonants that demonstrate more sonority; more relative loudness in relationship to other sounds with the same length, stress, and pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds with are characterized by a complete or narrow constriction |
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Term
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Definition
1.the portion of the tongue involved in the articulation (front/back)
2.the tongues position relative to the palate (high/low)
3.the degree of lip rounding (rounded/retracted)
4.tense/lax |
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Definition
| the quality of sound remains the same throughout its production; also called "pure vowels" |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vowels in which there is a change in vowel quality during the production of the sound. being son the on glide and finishes on the off glide. can be phonemic or non-phonemic |
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Term
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Definition
| a consonant that functions as a syllable nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| consonants that differ only in the voicing feature |
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Term
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Definition
| how the air-stram is modified |
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Definition
| where the constriction is in the vocal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| presence or absense of vocal fold vibrations |
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Term
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Definition
| articulators are constantly moving into position for other segments over a stretch of speech; the effect one speech sound has on another when produced in close sequence, such that the sounds become more like each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of coarticulation, adaptive articulatory changes in speech- speech sounds become similar or identical to a neighboring sounds; also called harmont processes |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of assimilation in which a sound influences the following sound |
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Term
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Definition
| type of assimilation in which a sound influences the preceding sound |
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Term
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Definition
| assimilation process modifying immediately adjacent sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| assimilation process modifying a speech sound separated by at least 1 oter segment, especially when the influencing and the influenced sounds belong to two different syllables |
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Term
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Definition
| if an altered segment is perceived to be a different phoneme altogether |
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Term
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Definition
| the change in the segment is such that it is still perceived by speakers as nothing more than a variation of the original segment (allophonioc variation) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the changed segment and the source of the influence become identical |
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Term
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Definition
| when the changed segment is close to but not identical to the source segment |
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Term
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Definition
| when two neighboring segments merge into a new and different segment; sandwich --> samich |
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Term
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Definition
| when two neighboring segments merge into a new and different segment |
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Term
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Definition
| peak/nucleus-onset-coda-rhyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the most promient acoustically intense part of the syllable; typically a vowel |
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Term
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Definition
| all segments prior to the peak |
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Term
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Definition
| all the sounds following the peak |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impaired comprehension or use of spoken, written and/or other symbol systems; may involve one or more of the 5 language parameters |
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Term
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Definition
| an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulties with motor planning and execution; problems in producing speech sounds- peripheral motor processes; depending on age, errors may be considered typical or atypical. characterized by substitutions, omissions, additions, or distoritions |
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Term
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Definition
| an impairment in the system of phonemes and phoneme patters with in a spoken language; an error in an individuals understanding and organization of phonemes |
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Term
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Definition
| a speech sound that is formed without significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities, especially along the sagittal midline of the oral cavity; normally serving as the syllable nucleus, |
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Term
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Definition
vowels
-no significant constriciotn of vocal tract
-more intense, more acoustic energy, highly resonant
-greater sonority
-function as syllable nucleus
-always voiced
consonants
-significant constriction of the vocal tract
-less intense acoustic energy
-less sonority
-very few can function as syllable nucleus
-can be voiced or not voiced
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Term
| 3 phonetic catagories used in consonant transcription |
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Definition
1-place
2-manner- the type of constriction
3-voicing- the presence or absense of vocal fold vibration |
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Term
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Definition
| a speech sound with significant constriction within the vocal tract, mainly in the oral and pharyngeal cavities. foremost along the sagittal midline of the oral cavity |
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Term
| articulatory versus phonological disorders |
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Definition
articulatory disorders
-problems in speech sounds production
-difficulty ith the motor aspect of speech
-do not impact other areas of language development
phonological disorder
-impaired comprehension and/or use of the sound system of a language
impaired comprehension and/or use of the rules that govern the sound combinations
-might indicate delay in other areas of language
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Term
child's articulatory abilities, or ease of syllable production, can be affected by
( 3 points) |
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Definition
-number of syllables in the utterance
-type of syllable (open/closed)
-stress pattern (stressed/unstressed) |
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Term
| helps child with ease of production |
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Definition
| fewer syllables, open syllables, and stressed syllables facilitate carrect production of specific target sounds; also number of consonants that are grouped together affects the ease of production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| speech sound versus phoneme |
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Definition
speech sounds
-actual realization of phoneme, also called allophonic realizations
-concrete, produced, transmitted, perceived
-can be examined without reference to a language
-notation is within brackets [s]
Phonemes
- smallest unit in a language that when combined with other units can establish word meanings
-a linguistic unit
-must be used in reference to a particular language
-is the basic unit within phonology
-notation is within /s/ |
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Term
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Definition
| We may view Ma Shaw's fur coat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Big Ben had cooked the butter. |
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